In Lightning Web Components (LWC), communication between parent and child components can be achieved in several ways.

Option A: The parent component can use a public property to pass the data to the child component.

Correct Method.

Explanation:

The child component can declare a public property using the @api decorator.

The parent component can then pass data to the child component via this property in the template.

Example:

Child Component (childComponent.js):

import { LightningElement, api } from 'lwc';

export default class ChildComponent extends LightningElement {

@api

myProperty;

}

Parent Component Template (parentComponent.html):

In an Aura component, JavaScript functions can be included in the following resources:

Controller (.js file):

Handles events triggered by user interaction or component lifecycle.

Contains action handlers defined in the component's markup.

"A client-side controller contains the handler functions that are called in response to events fired by the component or other components."— Aura Components Developer Guide: Client-Side Controller

Helper (.js file):

Contains reusable functions that can be called from the controller or renderer.

Helps to keep the controller lean by abstracting complex logic.

"A helper JavaScript resource can be added to an Aura component bundle and is used to store helper functions that can be reused in the component's client-side code."— Aura Components Developer Guide: Helper Functions

Renderer (.js file):

Allows for custom rendering behavior.

Contains methods that can override default rendering lifecycle events.

"A renderer component bundle resource allows you to customize the rendering behavior of a component."— Aura Components Developer Guide: Custom Renderers

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

C. Style:

The .css file in an Aura component is used for styling and cannot contain JavaScript functions.

"An Aura component or application can have a style (CSS) resource to define its styles."— Aura Components Developer Guide: Style

E. Design:

The .design file is used to define metadata values for the component, especially when used in Lightning App Builder or Community Builder.

"A design resource describes the design-time behavior of an Aura component—information that visual tools need to display the component in a page or app."— Aura Components Developer Guide: Design Files

Conclusion: JavaScript functions in an Aura component can be placed in the Controller, Helper, and Renderer resources. Therefore, the correct answers are A, B, and D.

When using purely declarative development to build the business logic layer in Salesforce, the following options are available:

Option A: Validation Rules

Explanation: Validation rules are declarative tools that enforce business rules on record data entry, ensuring data integrity.

When saving records using a custom controller in a Visualforce page, validation rule violations can occur. To display these validation error messages to the user, the developer should use the component.

Option A: Include <apex:messages> on the Visualforce page.

Correct Approach.

Explanation:

The component displays all messages that were generated for all components on the page, including validation rule violations.

When a DML operation is performed, any validation errors are automatically added to the ApexPages message collection.

Including in the page ensures that these messages are displayed to the user.

Example:

To calculate the sum of all Order Line item totals on the Order record in a master-detail relationship, the best practice is to use a Roll-up Summary Field.

Roll-up Summary Field: This field type allows you to perform calculations on a set of related records, such as summing up the total price of all Order Line items related to an Order.

"Roll-up summary fields allow you to display a value in a master record based on the values of fields in a detail record."— Salesforce Help: Define Roll-Up Summary Fields

Master-Detail Relationship: Since Order Line items are in a master-detail relationship with Orders, roll-up summary fields can be created on the master object (Order) to summarize data from the detail object (Order Line).

"You can create roll-up summary fields on any custom object that is on the master side of a master-detail relationship."— Salesforce Developer Guide: Roll-Up Summary Fields

Why Not Other Options:

A. Quick Action: Quick actions are used to create records, log calls, send emails, etc., and are not suitable for calculating and displaying aggregate data.

B. Apex Trigger: While triggers can perform the calculation, using them for this purpose is not considered best practice when declarative solutions like roll-up summary fields are available.

"Use declarative functionality (roll-up summary fields) for maintaining aggregates instead of triggers."— Salesforce Developer Guide: Best Practices for Triggers

D. Formula Field: Formula fields cannot aggregate data from child records to parent records unless they are part of a roll-up summary field in a master-detail relationship.

Conclusion: Using a roll-up summary field is the most efficient and recommended approach to sum the total prices of all Order Line items on the Order record.

When deploying Apex code to production, the following considerations are required:

Option B: All triggers must have at least one line of test coverage.

Explanation:

Salesforce mandates that every trigger has some test coverage.

To update the flow to create a Contact and store the Contact’s ID on the Opportunity:

Option D: Add a new Create Records element.

Explanation: The flow needs to create a new Contact record using the Create Records element. After creating the Contact, you can store the Contact's ID in a variable and then update the Opportunity with the Contact’s ID.

Steps:

Add Create Records Element: Configure it to create a Contact and store the newly created Contact's ID in a variable.

Update Opportunity: Use the existing Update Records element or add a new one to update the Opportunity with the Contact's ID.

A SOQL query can return the following data types:

Option A: sObject

Explanation: A SOQL query can return a single sObject when the query returns only one record.

Example:

Account acc = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Account WHERE Id = :accountId];

Option D: List

Explanation: A SOQL query can return a list of sObjects when multiple records are retrieved.

Example:

List contacts = [SELECT Id, Name FROM Contact WHERE AccountId = :accountId];

Option E: Integer

Explanation: When using aggregate functions like COUNT(), SOQL can return an Integer value.

Example:

Integer contactCount = [SELECT COUNT() FROM Contact WHERE AccountId = :accountId];

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option B: Double

Aggregate functions like SUM() return Decimal, not Double.

Using Database.insert with allOrNone=false allows partial success in DML operations.

Option D: Use the Database method with allOrNone set to false.

Records that cause errors are not inserted.

Successful records are committed.

Prevents the entire batch from failing.

Why Not Other Options:

Option A: Deactivating the trigger is not practical.

Option B: Removing the class from the profile may cause other issues.

Option C: A try-catch block won't prevent the batch from failing.

References:

Database Methods:

"Use the Database DML methods to specify whether or not to allow partial record processing."— Apex Developer Guide: Using the Database Class

The requirement is for service agents to gather many pieces of information when processing damaged or stolen credit cards.

Option A: Screen-based Flow

Correct Answer.

Explanation:

A Screen Flow allows developers to build guided, interactive forms that collect information from users.

Flows can have multiple screens, validation rules, and branching logic.

They can be created declaratively without code, making them efficient to implement.

Benefits:

Efficient Development: No need for code.

User-Friendly: Provides a step-by-step interface.

Maintainable: Easy to update as requirements change.

To embed a Flow into an Aura component, you use the lightning:flow component.

Option A: lightning

Correct Answer.

The lightning:flow component allows you to embed a Flow in an Aura component.

Example Usage:

Option A: The Apex governor limits are reset for each iteration of the execute() method.

True.

Explanation:

In Batch Apex, each execution of the execute() method is a separate transaction.

Governor limits are reset at the start of each transaction.

Understanding the Issue:

The provided code attempts to update a list of Account records:

public static void insertAccounts(List theseAccounts) {

for(Account thisAccount : theseAccounts) {

if(thisAccount.website == null) {

thisAccount.website = 'https://www.demo.com ';

}

}

update theseAccounts;

}

Problem: A DML exception is thrown when the update statement executes.

Possible Causes:

Some records in theseAccounts may have validation rule failures.

There may be null records within the theseAccounts list.

There could be fields that violate data integrity constraints.

Option Analysis:

Option A: Implement Change Data Capture

Explanation: Change Data Capture (CDC) is used to capture changes to Salesforce records and send notifications.

Option C: In a test setup method, test data is inserted once and made available for all test methods in the test class.

True.

The @testSetup method runs once before any test methods in the class.

Test data created in this method is available to all test methods, promoting code reuse and efficiency.

Scenario:

Universal Containers (UC) wants to allow multiple Accounts to share a default pickup address.

They have created a custom object called Global Address.

Requirement:

Create an efficient model to link multiple Accounts to a single Global Address.

Solution:

To associate multiple Accounts with a single Global Address, we need to create a lookup relationship from Account to Global Address.

Option D: Add a lookup field on the Account object to the Global Address object.

Correct Approach.

Explanation:

Adding a Lookup Field on the Account object that references the Global Address object allows multiple Accounts to reference the same Global Address.

This setup models a many-to-one relationship:

Many Accounts can have the same Global Address as their pickup address.

Benefits:

Data Normalization: Reduces data redundancy by storing the address once.

Ease of Maintenance: Updating the Global Address updates it for all associated Accounts.

To allow moving existing OrderItem records to a new Order record in a master-detail relationship:

Option B: Select the Allow reparenting option on the master-detail relationship.

Explanation: Enabling "Allow reparenting" on the master-detail field allows child records (OrderItem) to be reparented to a different master record (Order).

Steps:

Go to the master-detail field on OrderItem.

Edit the field and select "Allow reparenting".

Option A: Create a Custom Permission for the users.

True.

Explanation:

Custom Permissions can be used to control access to specific functionality.

By assigning the custom permission to a small group of users, the form's availability is restricted.

In Aura Components, application events are fired by invoking the fire() method on the event instance.

Option D: fire()

Correct.

Explanation:

To fire an application event, you first get the event instance using cmp.getEvent("eventName") and then call fire() on it.

Example:

var appEvent = $A.get("e.namespace:eventName");

appEvent.setParams({ "param1" : value1 });

appEvent.fire();

Executing Anonymous Apex code is useful for running ad-hoc operations or administrative tasks in Salesforce.

Option A: To run a batch Apex class to update all Contacts

Valid Use Case.

Explanation:

Anonymous Apex can be used to initiate a batch Apex job.

The developer can write code in the Execute Anonymous window to instantiate and execute the batch class.

Example:

Database.executeBatch(new UpdateContactsBatchClass());

Given that Trainer__c has a lookup field to Gym__c, to retrieve the record for the 'Viridian City Gym' and all its trainers, the correct SOQL query is:

Option A:

SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Trainers__r) FROM Gym__c WHERE Name = 'Viridian City Gym'

Parent-to-Child Query (Subquery):

To retrieve child records (trainers) from the parent record (gym), you perform a subquery using the child relationship name.

Child Relationship Name:

For a lookup relationship, the child relationship name can be found in the relationship settings.

By default, if the lookup field on Trainer__c is Gym__c, the child relationship name is Trainers__r.

Query Breakdown:

SELECT Id, (SELECT Id FROM Trainers__r) FROM Gym__c WHERE Name = 'Viridian City Gym'

Selects the Gym record and all related Trainers.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option B: (SELECT Id FROM Trainer__c)

Trainer__c is an object, not a relationship name, so the subquery is incorrect.

Option C: SELECT ID FROM Trainer__c WHERE Gym__r.Name = 'Viridian City Gym'

This query retrieves Trainer records, not the Gym record and its trainers as specified.

Option D: (SELECT Id FROM Trainers__c)

Trainers__c is incorrect; the child relationship name should end with __r in subqueries.

Scratch Orgs are disposable Salesforce orgs that can be created quickly and configured with different features and settings. They are ideal for source-driven development and allow developers to work independently.

Option D: Scratch orgs

Correct Answer.

Scratch orgs support source-driven development and can be fully configured through scripts and the Salesforce CLI.

Developers can create and destroy scratch orgs as needed, ensuring they have isolated environments.

To represent that an applicant has applied for a job when each applicant can apply to multiple jobs:

Option B: Junction object between Applicant and Job

Explanation: A many-to-many relationship in Salesforce is modeled using a junction object. The junction object would have two master-detail relationships, one to Applicant and one to Job.

Implementation:

Create a custom object, e.g., JobApplication.

Add master-detail relationships to both Applicant and Job.

To write unit tests for a private method in an Apex class:

Option C: Use the @TestVisible annotation.

Explanation: The @TestVisible annotation allows test methods to access private methods and variables in Apex classes. By annotating the private method with @TestVisible, it becomes accessible within test classes.

Example:

public class MyClass {

@TestVisible

private static void myPrivateMethod() {

// Implementation

}

}

Option C: Developer Sandbox

Correct Answer.

Explanation:

Developer Sandboxes are intended for coding and testing by a single developer.

They copy all application and configuration information from production, ensuring the same metadata.

Each developer can work in their own isolated environment.

To retrieve data from an external system in real time during a flow, the developer should use an invocable method.

Option B: An invocable method

Invocable methods can be called from Flow to execute Apex code. By annotating an Apex method with @InvocableMethod, you can expose it to Flows. If the method needs to make a callout to an external system, it must be annotated with (callout=true).

public with sharing class OrderService {

@InvocableMethod(callout=true)

public static List getOrderData(List inputs) {

// Callout to external system and return data

}

}

When an Opportunity needs to have an amount rolled up from a custom object that is not in a master-detail relationship, the best approach is to:

Option B: Write a trigger on the child object and use an aggregate function to sum the amount for all related child objects under the Opportunity.

Roll-Up Summary Fields Limitation: Roll-up summary fields can only be created on master-detail relationships. Since the custom object is in a lookup relationship with Opportunity (not master-detail), roll-up summary fields are not available.

"Roll-up summary fields can only be created on master-detail relationships."— Salesforce Help: Define Roll-Up Summary Fields

Trigger on Child Object: Writing a trigger on the child object (the custom object) allows you to execute logic whenever a child record is inserted, updated, or deleted.

Aggregate Function: Within the trigger, you can use SOQL aggregate functions (like SUM()) to calculate the total amount of all child records related to the Opportunity and update the parent Opportunity record accordingly.

trigger ChildObjectTrigger on ChildObject__c (after insert, after update, after delete, after undelete) {

Set oppIds = new Set();

if(Trigger.isInsert || Trigger.isUpdate || Trigger.isUndelete){

for(ChildObject__c child : Trigger.new){

oppIds.add(child.Opportunity__c);

}

}

if(Trigger.isDelete){

for(ChildObject__c child : Trigger.old){

oppIds.add(child.Opportunity__c);

}

}

List oppsToUpdate = new List();

for(Id oppId : oppIds){

Decimal totalAmount = [SELECT SUM(Amount__c) FROM ChildObject__c WHERE Opportunity__c = :oppId];

Opportunity opp = new Opportunity(Id = oppId, Total_Child_Amount__c = totalAmount);

oppsToUpdate.add(opp);

}

update oppsToUpdate;

}

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A: Use the Streaming API to create real-time roll-up summaries.

The Streaming API is designed for receiving notifications of data changes in Salesforce and is not suitable for calculating roll-up summaries.

"The Streaming API enables streaming of events using push technology and provides a subscription mechanism for receiving events in near real time."— Salesforce Developer Guide: Streaming API

Option C: Use the Metadata API to create real-time roll-up summaries.

The Metadata API is used for deploying and retrieving metadata (like custom fields, layouts) between orgs and does not perform data calculations.

"Use Metadata API to retrieve, deploy, create, update, or delete customization information, such as custom object definitions and page layouts, for your org."— Salesforce Developer Guide: Metadata API

Option D: Write a trigger on the Opportunity object and use tree sorting to sum the amount for all related child objects under the Opportunity.

Writing a trigger on the Opportunity object would not effectively capture changes made to child records, as triggers on the parent do not fire when child records are modified.

Tree sorting is not a standard technique in Apex for summing related records.

Conclusion:

Writing a trigger on the child object is the most effective way to sum amounts from child records and update the parent Opportunity when a master-detail relationship is not present.

To ensure that specific data is available in test methods, the developer should create test data within the test context.

Option B: Use Test.loadData() and reference a CSV file in a static resource.

Correct Approach.

Explanation:

Test.loadData() is a method that allows test methods to load test data from a CSV file stored as a static resource.

This method creates the records in the test context, ensuring that the data is available during the test execution.

Using a CSV file makes it easy to define multiple records with specific field values.

Usage Example:

@isTest

private class MyTestClass {

@isTest

static void testMethod() {

List testRecords = (List) Test.loadData(MyObject__c.sObjectType, 'MyTestData');

// Proceed with testing using testRecords

}

}

Where 'MyTestData' is the name of the static resource containing the CSV file.

To perform DML operations that insert new records and update existing records in a list of Order__c records using the external ID field Order_Number__c, you should use:

Option D: upsert orders Order_Number__c;

Upsert Statement:

The upsert DML operation either inserts or updates records based on whether they already exist.

By specifying the external ID field (Order_Number__c), Salesforce will match existing records based on this field.

Syntax:

upsert orders Order_Number__c;

orders is the list of Order__c records.

Order_Number__c is the external ID field used for matching.

Option B: Use an Assignment Flow element.

Correct Answer.

Explanation:

Using a record-triggered flow, you can automatically assign new cases based on the case origin.

Flows provide flexibility to set field values, assign records, and automate complex logic without code.

To notify the parent component from a child component when a button is clicked:

Option C: Create a custom event

Explanation: In Lightning Web Components, child components communicate with parent components by dispatching custom events.

Child Component:

// ChildComponent.js

handleClick() {

const nextEvent = new CustomEvent('next');

this.dispatchEvent(nextEvent);

}

Parent Component:

javascript

Copy code

// ParentComponent.js

handleNext() {

// Navigate to the next page

}

To efficiently prevent users (except those with the Sales Manager profile) from changing the Opportunity Status to Closed Lost when the lost reason is blank:

Option D: An error condition formula on a validation rule on Opportunity

Validation rules are designed to enforce data integrity by preventing users from saving records that don't meet certain criteria. They are efficient and declarative.

Validation Rule Formula:

AND(

ISPICKVAL(StageName, "Closed Lost"),

ISBLANK(Lost_Reason__c),

$Profile.Name <> "Sales Manager"

)



Unit tests in Salesforce are designed to test Apex code functionality and can execute certain operations within the testing context.

Option C: Generate a Visualforce PDF with getContentAsPDF

Explanation: In unit tests, you can generate a PDF from a Visualforce page using the getContentAsPDF() method. This is allowed within test methods and is a valid operation for unit testing.

To find the current user's default record type for Opportunity, the developer can use the DescribeSObjectResult and RecordTypeInfo classes.

Option A: Use Opportunity.SObjectType.getDescribe().getRecordTypeInfos() to get a list of record types, and iterate through them until isDefaultRecordTypeMapping() is true.

Correct Approach.

Explanation:

// Get describe result for Opportunity

Schema.DescribeSObjectResult oppDescribe = Opportunity.SObjectType.getDescribe();

// Get list of RecordTypeInfo

List recordTypeInfos = oppDescribe.getRecordTypeInfos();

// Iterate through RecordTypeInfo to find the default one

Id defaultRecordTypeId;

for (Schema.RecordTypeInfo rtInfo : recordTypeInfos) {

if (rtInfo.isAvailable() && rtInfo.isDefaultRecordTypeMapping()) {

defaultRecordTypeId = rtInfo.getRecordTypeId();

break;

}

}

Understanding the Scenario:

Trigger Definition:

trigger myTrigger on Contact (before insert) {

MyClass.myStaticMethod(trigger.new);

}

Test Class:

The test method calls MyClass.myStaticMethod directly.

Achieves 81% overall code coverage.

The trigger is not invoked during the test.

Key Points:

Code Coverage Requirements:

Minimum 75% Coverage: To deploy Apex code to production, all Apex classes and triggers must have at least 75% overall code coverage.

Trigger Coverage Requirement: All triggers must have some code coverage, meaning they cannot have 0% coverage.

To check the code coverage of a class after running all tests, a developer can use the Developer Console.

Option B: View the code coverage percentage for the class using the Overall Code Coverage panel in the Developer Console Tests tab.

Correct Method.

Explanation:

In the Developer Console, navigate to the Tests tab.

After running tests, the Overall Code Coverage panel displays code coverage statistics.

You can see the coverage percentage for individual classes.

The requirement is to model a many-to-many relationship between Account and Bug__c:

Each Account (company) can report multiple bugs.

Each Bug__c can be reported by multiple accounts.

To represent a many-to-many relationship in Salesforce, we use a junction object.

Option A: Junction object between Bug__c and Account

Correct Answer.

Explanation:

Create a custom junction object, e.g., AccountBug__c, with two master-detail relationships:

One to Account.

One to Bug__c.

This allows linking accounts and bugs in a many-to-many fashion.

Enables reporting on which companies have reported which bugs.

To script the deployment and unit test execution as part of continuous integration (CI), developers use tools that can be automated and run from the command line or scripts.

Option D: Salesforce CLI

Correct.

Explanation:

The Salesforce CLI (Command-Line Interface) is a powerful command-line tool that allows developers to interact with Salesforce orgs.

It supports scripting of deployments using commands like sfdx force:source:deploy and running unit tests using sfdx force:apex:test:run.

The CLI can be integrated into CI/CD pipelines to automate deployments and testing.

Option C: Update the PrimaryId__c field definition to mark it as an External Id.

Correct Answer.

Explanation:

Marking PrimaryId__c as an External ID allows data loading tools to match records based on this field.

This facilitates upserting data and ensures that the CSV data correctly maps to existing records.

The Apex test fails in the Test Runner but succeeds in the Execute Anonymous window because the test method relies on existing data in the sandbox.

Isolation of Test Data: By default, Apex tests do not have access to pre-existing data in the organization. Tests are executed in an isolated context to ensure they are not dependent on external data, promoting reliability and repeatability.

"Apex test methods don’t have access to pre-existing data in the organization. The test methods have access to all data that they create and to changes made by other test methods (unless the @IsTest(Isolated=true) annotation is used)."— Apex Developer Guide: Isolation of Test Data from Organization Data in Unit Tests

Execute Anonymous Window: When code is run in the Execute Anonymous window, it executes in the current user's context and has access to all organization data, including existing records.

"All Apex code runs in system mode. The only exception is anonymous blocks, such as code executed using the Execute Anonymous window or the SOAP API."— Apex Developer Guide: Enforcing Object and Field Permissions

Solution: To fix the failing test, the developer should create the necessary test data within the test method or use the @IsTest(SeeAllData=true) annotation if access to existing data is absolutely necessary (though this is generally discouraged).

"If you specify @IsTest(SeeAllData=true), the test method has access to all data in the organization, but the test can be slower and less reliable because it might depend on data that changes."— Apex Developer Guide: Using the SeeAllData Annotation

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option A: While calling an @future method requires special handling in tests, it would not cause the method to pass in Execute Anonymous and fail in tests.

Option C: A syntax error would prevent the code from compiling, so it wouldn't run in either context.

Option D: Using System.runAs is only necessary when testing code that behaves differently for users with different profiles or permissions.

Conclusion: The discrepancy arises because the test method is attempting to access data that isn't available in the test context, leading to its failure in the Test Runner but success in the Execute Anonymous window.

Option C: Handle low-level events in the event handler and re-fire them as higher-level events.

True.

Explanation:

It's a best practice to encapsulate lower-level events and re-emit them as higher-level, application-specific events to decouple components and simplify event handling.

In Lightning Web Components (LWC), custom events are used for communication between components. The two characteristics that are true for LWC custom events are:

Option A: Data may be passed in the payload of a custom event using a property called detail.

Explanation: When dispatching a custom event in LWC, you can pass data using the detail property of the event. This allows the parent component to access any data emitted by the child component.

// Child component JavaScript

const myEvent = new CustomEvent('myevent', {

detail: { data: 'Some data' }

});

this.dispatchEvent(myEvent);