Explanation

The 'firm and unequivocal offer' and 'the basis of a contract' indicate the reference to a formal and binding tender procedure. The answer is therefore 'invitation to tender'.

Explanation

Political.

It's a close-run thing with economic, but the reference to 'stability of governing regimes' clinches if for 'political'.

Explanation

Since performance specifications are all to do with outputs, 'input-driven' leaps out as being the cor-rect answer here.

Explanation

All of them.

This QUESTION NO: is a bit of a gift for you, but you may wish to just think about the dates and the nature of the legislation. If there is any UK bias in your CIPS examination, this may be time well spent. For students based in the UK: these Acts are powerful and significant. At managerial level at least, one would wish to be familiar with the broad thrust of each of these, plus the implications of The Equality Act.

Explanation

Cost of production, and shareholder and managerial expectations of profit, are both internal factors in decision-making. Although shareholders may be outside the firm, management will condition shareholders' expectations. Customer perception of value and the extent of marketplace competition are significantly outwith the control of the company.

Explanation

Surprisingly, 'declared gifts of nominal value' can be accepted.

Explanation

Title. In order to be sure you own something, you have to make sure you have acquired 'good title'.