vSRX is a virtual firewall that runs on various cloud platforms, including AWS and OpenStack. AWS is a cloud service provider that offers infrastructure as a service (IaaS) solutions, such as compute, storage, and networking resources. OpenStack is an open source software platform that enables cloud orchestration, which is the automated management of cloud resources and services. vSRX supports both AWS and OpenStack as deployment options, and integrates with their features and tools. For example, vSRX can use cloud-init to automate the initialization of vSRX instances in AWS and OpenStack environments. vSRX can also leverage the security groups and elastic IP addresses of AWS, and the network and security services of OpenStack. References:

• vSRX Deployment Guide for AWS
• vSRX Virtual Firewall
• Use Cloud-Init in an OpenStack Environment to Automate the Initialization of vSRX Instances

Based on the exhibit, Nancy logged in to the juniper.net Active Directory domain, as shown by the domain name in the user identity information. The IP address of the authenticating domain controller is 172.25.11.140, as shown by the domain controller address in the user identity information. The IP address of Nancy’s client PC is not 172.25.11, but 172.25.11.11, as shown by the source IP address in the user identity information. Nancy is not a member of the Active Directory sales group, but of the marketing group, as shown by the group name in the user identity information34 References:

• active-directory-access | Junos OS | Juniper Networks
• 13. Juniper SRX Active Directory Integration - RAYKA
• Configure Juniper Identity Management Service to Obtain User Identity …
• Create an Active Directory Profile | SD Cloud | Juniper Networks

References:

• [SRX] Behavior of active sessions when modifying a security policy1

References:

• 2: Junos OS Security Configuration Guide | Understanding Security Policies

 Logging for a security policy can be configured to generate log entries at session initialization, at session close, or both. Logging at session initialization records the initial packet that matches the policy and triggers the session creation. Logging at session close records the summary statistics of the session, such as bytes and packets transmitted and received, and the reason for session termination. Logging at session initialization and close provides the most complete information about the traffic that matches the policy. Logging at fixed intervals, such as every 10 minutes or every 60 seconds, is not supported by Junos OS security policies. References:

• Security, Professional (JNCIP-SEC) Exam Objectives, Firewall Filters section
• Junos OS Security Configuration Guide, Understanding Security Policy Logging section
• Advanced Juniper Security (AJSEC) Course, Chapter 4: Advanced Logging and Reporting

Juniper ATP Cloud is a cloud-based threat detection service that protects all hosts in your network against evolving security threats. It assigns a threat level to each attacker IP address from 1 to 10, with 10 being the highest severity. Once the target threshold ismet, Juniper ATP Cloud continues looking for threats for a configurable duration from 0 to 10 minutes. This allows Juniper ATP Cloud to collect more information about the attacker and the attack vector, and to update the threat intelligence accordingly. The other options are incorrect. Option A is not configurable, and option D is not consistent with the documentation. References:

• Juniper Advanced Threat Prevention Cloud | Juniper Networks
• Juniper’s Attacker IP feed bolsters threat protection with SecIntel

• A: In the vSwitch security settings, accept promiscuous mode. This is a true statement. Promiscuous mode allows the vSwitch to forward all frames to the vSRX control interface, regardless of the destination MAC address1. This is necessary for the control link to function properly and exchange heartbeat messages between the cluster nodes2.
• C: In the vSwitch security settings, reject forged transmits. This is also a true statement. Forged transmits are frames that have a source MAC address that is different from the one that is assigned to the vNIC by the host operating system1. Rejecting forged transmits prevents spoofing attacks and ensures that the control link traffic is authentic2.
• B: In the vSwitch properties settings, set the VLAN ID to None. This is a false statement. The VLAN ID for the vSwitch can be any value as long as it matches the VLAN ID for the vSRX control interface1. The VLAN ID is used to tag the control link traffic and separate it from other traffic on the same vSwitch2.
• D: In the vSwitch security settings, reject MAC address changes. This is also a false statement. MAC address changes are allowed for the vSRX control interface, as the vSRX uses the MAC address of the control link to identify the cluster nodes1. Rejecting MAC address changes would prevent the cluster formation and synchronization2.

References:

• 1: vSRX Virtual Firewall Cluster Staging and Provisioning for VMware
• 2: Configuring Chassis Clustering on SRX Series Devices

Juniper ATP Cloud is a cloud-based threat detection service that protects all hosts in your network against evolving security threats. Juniper ATP Cloud performs the following tasks:

• It extracts potentially malicious objects and files from the traffic and sends them to the cloud for analysis.
• It uses multiple antivirus software packages to analyze files and identify known malicious files quickly. It also uses other techniques, such as machine learning, sandboxing, and behavioral analysis, to identify new malware and add it to the known list of malware.
• It correlates between newly identified malware and known command and control (C&C) sites to aid analysis.
• It blocks known malicious file downloads and outbound C&C traffic.
• It provides features such as DNS, Encrypted Traffic Insights (ETI) and IoT security if you have ATP Cloud premium license.

Based on this information, we can infer the following:

• Option B is correct because Juniper ATP Cloud uses multiple antivirus software packages to analyze files, as well as other techniques, to provide robust coverage against sophisticated, evasive threats.
• Option D is correct because Juniper ATP Cloud does not use antivirus software packages to protect against zero-day threats, which are unknown and undetected by traditional antivirus solutions. Instead, it uses other techniques, such as machine learning, sandboxing, and behavioral analysis, to identify and mitigate zero-day threats.
• Option A is incorrect because Juniper ATP Cloud does not only use one antivirus software package to analyze files, but multiple ones, as well as other techniques.
• Option C is incorrect because Juniper ATP Cloud does not use antivirus software packages to protect against zero-day threats, but other techniques.

References: Juniper Security, Specialist (JNCIS-SEC) Reference Materials and Juniper Security, Professional (JNCIP-SEC) Reference Materials

https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/security/juniper-strengthens-connected-security-portfolio-with-new-risk-based-access-control-capabilities-and-remote-access-vpn

https://blogs.juniper.net/en-us/security/juniper-strengthens-connected-security-portfolio-with-new-risk-based-access-control-capabilities-and-remote-access-vpn

= The vSRX is a virtual firewall that offers the same features as the physical SRX Series firewalls, but in a virtualized form factor for delivering security services that scale to match network demand. The vSRX supports Juniper Contrail Networking and third-party software-defined networking (SDN) solutions, which enable dynamic and automated network provisioning and management. The vSRX also integrates with cloud orchestration tools such as OpenStack, which allow for flexible deployment and configuration of virtual machines and networks. The vSRX provides granular security for the workloads that run within the virtual network on the public or private cloud. It supports next-generation firewall capabilities, such as application security, intrusion prevention, user identity, and role-based access control. It also supports advanced threat prevention features, such as malware sandboxing, threat intelligence feeds, and encrypted traffic inspection. The vSRX can protect the network from both internal and external threats, and enforce consistent security policies across the entire network. References:

• vSRX Virtual Firewall | Juniper Networks US
• vSRX Documentation | Juniper Networks
• Understand vSRX Virtual Firewall with Microsoft Azure Cloud

The SRX Series device will drop packets from the infected hosts with a threat level of 8 and no log message will be generated. This is because the security intelligence profile “ATP_Infected-Hosts” has a rule “Rule-1” that matches packets with a threat level of 8 and the action is to block and drop them. There is no log option specified in the action, so no log message will be generated. Options A and B are not correct because the rule only matches packets with a threat level of 8, not 8 or above. Option C is not correct because the action is to drop, not permit, the packets. References: The answer can be verified from Juniper’s official documentation on security intelligence available on their website. Here are some relevant links:

• Security Intelligence Feature Guide for Security Devices
• security-intelligence | Junos OS
• Configure the Security Intelligence Policy on the SRX Series Device

References:

• [Juniper Security, Professional (JNCIP-SEC) Reference Materials] 1
• [Juniper Security, Specialist (JNCIS-SEC) Reference Materials] 2
• [How to configure a custom signature to block specific URLs using application firewall (AppFW)] 3

 To create a security policy that will automatically add infected hosts to the infected hosts feed and block further communication through the SRX Series device, you need to add a security intelligence policy to the permit portion of the security policy. A security intelligence policy is a set of rules that defines the actions to be taken for traffic thatmatches a specific category of threat feeds, such as infected hosts, command and control servers, or botnets. By adding a security intelligence policy to the permit portion of the security policy, you can enable the SRX Series device to dynamically update the infected hosts feed based on the advanced anti-malware policy results, and block the traffic from or to the infected hosts. Options B, C, and D are not correct because they do not enable the automatic addition of infected hosts to the feed or the blocking of their communication. References: The answer can be verified from Juniper’s official documentation on security intelligence and advanced anti-malware available on their website. Here are some relevant links:

• Security Intelligence Feature Guide for Security Devices
• Advanced Anti-Malware Feature Guide for Security Devices
• Configuring Security Intelligence Policy on the SRX Series Device
• [Configuring Advanced Anti-Malware Policy on the SRX Series Device]

 The policy rematch feature enables the device to reevaluate an active session when its associated security policy is modified. The session remains open if it still matches the policy that allowed the session initially. The session is closed if its associated policy is renamed, deactivated, or deleted1

When a policy change includes changing the policy’s action from permit to deny, all existing sessions are dropped. This is because the policy rematch feature does not allow a session to continue if it violates the new policy action1

When a policy change includes changing the policy’s source or destination address match condition, all existing sessions are reevaluated. This is because the policy rematch feature tries to find a suitable policy that can still permit the session based on the new address criteria. If no such policy exists, the session is dropped12

References: 1: policy-rematch | Junos OS | Juniper Networks 2: What is session rematch and how to use it to avoid traffic disruption during a policy update via NSM - Juniper Networks

Encrypted Traffic Insights is a feature of Juniper ATP Cloud and SRX Series firewalls that can detect malicious threats that are hidden in encrypted traffic without intercepting and decrypting the traffic. It permits organizations greater visibility and policy control over encrypted traffic, without requiring resource-intensive SSL Decryption1.

Encrypted Traffic Insights assesses the threat of the traffic by using two methods:

• It validates the certificates used by the external servers that the internal hosts are trying to connect to. It compares the certificate signatures with a blocklist of known malicious certificates and also checks the certificate validity, issuer, and subject. If the certificate is invalid or matches a malicious signature, the connection is blocked or alerted2.
• It reviews the timing and frequency of the connections to the external servers. It uses behavior analysis and machine learning to identify patterns and anomalies that indicate malicious activity, such as command and control (C&C) communications, botnet traffic, or data exfiltration. It also uses threat intelligence feeds to enrich the analysis and provide additional context2.

Encrypted Traffic Insights does not decrypt the file or the data in a sandbox or to validate the hash, as these methods would require breaking the encryption of the traffic, which would violate data privacy laws and introduce latency and performance issues21. References:

• 3: SRX5400, SRX5600, SRX5800 Firewalls Datasheet - Juniper Networks
• 2: Encrypted Traffic Insights Overview and Benefits | ATP Cloud | Juniper …
• 1: Juniper Networks Expands Connected Security Portfolio with Encrypted …

• A stateful firewall in SRX Series devices keeps track of the state of network connections, distinguishing legitimate packets for different types of connections and allowing only packets that match a known active connection. Sessions are created when a TCP SYN packet is received and permitted by the security policy1.
• A security policy is a set of rules that defines how traffic is processed by the SRX Series device. A security policy applies the security rules to the transit traffic within a context (from-zone to to-zone) and each policy is uniquely identified by its name. The traffic is classified by matching the source and destination zones, the source and destination addresses, and the application that the traffic carries in its protocol headers with the policy database in the data plane2.
• A Layer 3 route is a path that a packet takes to reach its destination based on the destination IP address. The SRX Series device performs a longest-match Layer 3 route table lookup to determine the next hop for the packet3.
• An Application Layer Gateway (ALG) is a software component that provides application-level awareness, security, and control for specific protocols. An ALG inspects the application-layer payload of a packet and modifies it if necessary to allow the application to traverse the SRX Series device. For example, an ALG can rewrite IP addresses and port numbers in the payload of FTP or SIP packets4.
• The sequence that an SRX Series device uses when implementing stateful session security policies using Layer 3 routes is as follows3:

References:

• 1: Traffic Processing on SRX Series Firewalls Overview | Junos OS | Juniper Networks
• 2: Best Practices for Defining Policies on High-End SRX Series Devices - TechLibrary - Juniper Networks
• 3: [SRX] Example: Configuring TCP SYN Check options on a per-policy basis
• 4: Application Layer Gateways Overview | Junos OS | Juniper Networks

• AppTrack is a logging and reporting tool that provides statistics for analyzing bandwidth usage of your network. It can be enabled on any logical system on an SRX Series device1. AppTrack collects byte, packet, and duration statistics for application flows in the specified zone2. AppTrack sends log messages through syslog providing application activity update messages1.
• AppTrack does not identify or block traffic flows that might be malicious. That is the function of AppSecure, which is a suite of application security tools that includes AppID, AppFW, AppQoS, and AppDoS3. AppTrack is a complementary tool that provides visibility into the types of applications traversing through the SRX Series gateway4.
• AppTrack can be configured in any logical system on an SRX Series device, not just the main one1. This allows for more flexibility and granularity in monitoring application traffic across different logical systems.

References:

• 1: Application Tracking | Junos OS | Juniper Networks
• 2: application-tracking | Junos OS | Juniper Networks
• 3: Juniper Networks AppSecure | NetworkScreen.com
• 4: [SRX] AppTrack log messages continue to get generated even after disabling the feature - Juniper Networks

AppQoS is a service that allows you to prioritize and manage the quality of service (QoS) for different types of applications on SRX Series devices. AppQoS uses application signatures to identify and classify the traffic, and then applies QoS policies to assign bandwidth, priority, and scheduling parameters to the traffic. AppQoS can help you optimize the performance of critical applications, such as VoIP, and ensure that they get the required bandwidth and latency in a congested network12. In this scenario, you can use AppQoS to prioritize the VoIP traffic over other traffic and guarantee its QoS on the SRX Series device at the branch office. References:

• Understanding Application Quality of Service
• Configuring Application Quality of Service

The fab interface is the data link between the nodes of a chassis cluster and is used to forward traffic between the chassis and to synchronize the data plane software’s dynamic runtime state. Real-time objects (RTOs) are exchanged on the fab interface to maintain session synchronization for operations such as authentication, NAT, ALGs, and IPsec. In an active/active configuration, inter-chassis transit traffic is sent over the fab interface, as traffic arriving on a node that needs to be processed on the other or traffic processed on a node that needs to exit through an interface on the other is forwarded over the fabric. The fab interface does not enable configuration synchronization, as this is done by the control link. Heartbeat signals sent on the fab interface monitor the health of the data plane link, not the control plane link. References: Chassis Cluster Fabric Interfaces, HA Chassis cluster, difference between Swfab and Fab

SSL proxy is a feature that allows SRX Series devices to act as an intermediary between the client and the server for SSL/TLS encrypted traffic. SRX Series devices support two types of SSL proxy: SSL forward proxy and SSL reverse proxy. SSL forward proxy is also known as web proxy or client-protection, and SSL reverse proxy is also known as server-protection1.

SSL forward proxy enables the SRX Series device to decrypt the client-side traffic and apply security policies before re-encrypting and forwarding it to the server. This allows the SRX Series device to inspect the application data and identify the applications and threats in the encrypted traffic2.

SSL reverse proxy enables the SRX Series device to decrypt the server-side traffic and apply security policies before re-encrypting and forwarding it to the client. This allows the SRX Series device to protect the server from malicious clients and provide load balancing and high availability for the server3.

References:

• Configuring SSL Proxy
• SSL Forward Proxy Overview
• SSL Reverse Proxy Overview

 A chassis cluster is a pair of SRX Series devices that are connected and configured to operate as a single node, providing high availability and load balancing for traffic flows1. A chassis cluster consists of two nodes: one primary and one secondary. Each node can host one or more redundancy groups, which are logical entities that group the interfaces and services that need to fail over together in case of a node failure2. Redundancy group 0 is a special group that monitors the control plane of the cluster, such as the routing engine and the control link. Redundancy group 0 is always active on the primary node and standby on the secondary node3. Therefore, option A is false. Each chassis cluster member requires a unique node ID value, which can be either 0 or 1, to identify itself within the cluster4. However, the cluster ID value is the same for both nodes, and it is used to identify the cluster as a whole. Therefore, option B is false. Each chassis cluster member device can host active redundancy groups, depending on the configuration and the status of the nodes. By default, the primary node hosts all the redundancy groups, but you can configure some groups to be preempted by the secondary node if it has a higher priority or load-sharing between the nodes if they have the same priority. Therefore, option C is true. Chassis cluster member devices must be the same model, because different models have different hardware and software specifications that may not be compatible with each other in a cluster. Therefore, option D is true. References:

• Chassis Cluster User Guide for SRX Series Devices
• Understanding Chassis Cluster Redundancy Groups
• Understanding Redundancy Group 0
• Understanding Chassis Cluster Node IDs
• [Understanding Chassis Cluster Cluster IDs]
• [Configuring Chassis Cluster Redundancy Group Settings]
• [Chassis Cluster Feature Guide for SRX Series Devices]

Statistical sampling is a technique that reduces the amount of flow data that is sent to JSA by sampling a subset of packets from the network device. Statistical sampling can help reduce network bandwidth and storage requirements, but it also increases processor utilization on the network device and decreases event correlation accuracy on JSA. Statistical sampling can also affect the accuracy of reports and searches that are based on flow data. Therefore, it is recommended to use statistical sampling only when necessary and with caution12.

BGP FlowSpec is not used to collect traffic flows from Junos OS devices, but to distribute firewall filter rules to routers that participate in BGP. BGP FlowSpec can help mitigate distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks by filtering unwanted traffic based on flow attributes such as source and destination IP addresses, ports, and protocols3.

Superflows are not a method of collecting network traffic flows, but a way of grouping individual flows that match certain criteria into a single record. Superflows can help detect common attack vectors and reduce the number of flows that are stored on JSA. Superflows do not reduce traffic licensing requirements, but they can help optimize the performance and storage of JSA4. References:

• 1: Flow Sources | JSA 7.5.0 | Juniper Networks
• 2: JSA Events and Flows | JSA 7.5.0 | Juniper Networks
• 3: Understanding BGP FlowSpec
• 4: Superflows | JSA 7.5.0 | Juniper Networks

JIMS (Juniper Identity Management Service) is a standalone Windows service application that collects and maintains a large database of user, device, and group information from Active Directory domains1. You can use JIMS to obtain user identity information and populate the identity management authentication table on SRX Series devices1. You can then use the username or group name in security policies to identify a user and not rely directly on the IP address of the device used2. JIMS also supports integration with ClearPass, which is another solution for user authentication and enforcement2.

ATP Appliance is a solution for advanced threat prevention and detection, not for user and group information. Network Director is a solution for network management and orchestration, not for user and group information. NETCONF is a protocol for network configuration, not for user and group information. References:

• 2: Configure Juniper Identity Management Service to Obtain User Identity Information | Junos OS | Juniper Networks
• 6: Enforce Security Policies using ClearPass | Junos OS | Juniper Networks
• [7]: Juniper Advanced Threat Prevention Appliance | Juniper Networks
• [8]: Network Director | Juniper Networks
• [9]: NETCONF | Junos OS | Juniper Networks

AppTrack is a logging and reporting tool that provides statistics for analyzing bandwidth usage of your network. When enabled, AppTrack collects byte, packet, and duration statistics for application flows in the specified zone. AppTrack sends log messages through syslog, providing application activity update messages. AppTrack can be used to share information for application visibility with devices such as Security Threat Response Manager (STRM)12 References:

• 1: Application Tracking | Junos OS | Juniper Networks
• 2: application-tracking | Junos OS | Juniper Networks

 Juniper Secure Analytics (JSA) is a security information and event management (SIEM) system that consolidates, analyzes, and manages surveillance data from network devices, endpoints, and applications1

JSA uses two features to configure alerts based on certain criteria: building blocks and events2

Building blocks are reusable components that define common characteristics of network activity, such as IP addresses, ports, protocols, usernames, or threat categories. Building blocks can be used to create custom rules, searches, reports, and filters that can trigger alerts when certain conditions are met2

Events are records of network activity that are collected and normalized by JSA. Events can be classified into different categories, such as offenses, flows, logs, or anomalies. Events can also be correlated with other data sources, such as vulnerability scanners, threat intelligence feeds, or asset databases, to provide more context and insight. Events can trigger alerts when they match predefined or custom rules that specify the severity, frequency, or duration of the activity2

References: 1: JSA Series Secure Analytics - Juniper Networks 2: Juniper Secure Analytics Users Guide

 SSL proxy is a transparent proxy that performs SSL encryption and decryption between the client and the server. It allows inspection of encrypted traffic by terminating the SSL connection from either end and applying security policies to the clear text. SSL proxy can leverage pre-match or post-match results to determine whether to apply SSL proxy to a session. Pre-match results are based on the initial packet of the session, while post-match results are based on the application identification after the session is established. In the exhibit, the session shows that the application services identification is “ssl-proxy”, which means that SSL proxy is applied based on the pre-match results. The cache lookup status for application services is “on”, which means that the SRX Series device uses the application system cache to store the pre-match results for faster processing. Therefore, the correct answer is D. SSL proxy leverages pre-match result. References: = SSL Proxy, Configuring SSL Proxy, and Application System Cache