Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Response actions for abnormal file identification in Huawei firewalls include:

A. Alert→ Logs the event but does not stop the file.

B. Block→ Prevents the file from being accessed or downloaded.

D. Delete→ Removes the malicious file before it reaches the user.

Why is C incorrect?

Allowing an identified abnormal file defeats the purpose of security enforcement.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → File Anomaly Detection & Response

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Heartbeat linksbetween firewalls ensuresynchronization and failover.

Layer 2 or Layer 3 configuration depends on deployment needs, but there isno strict 30% bandwidth rulefor Eth-Trunk heartbeat links.

Why is this statement false?

The30% threshold condition is incorrect.

Eth-Trunk heartbeat links aretypically Layer 3 for better failover and routing control.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Firewall High Availability Deployment

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Huawei firewalls come with a built-in URL filtering database, which includes predefined categories such as:

Malicious websites

Phishing sites

Social media

Business services

The URL category database is periodically updated by Huawei, ensuring that new threats are detected automatically.

Why is this statement true?

Administrators do not need to manually load URL categories; they are delivered with the firewall and updated regularly.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → URL Filtering & Web Security

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Huawei's Anti-DDoS solution has three core components:

A. Detecting center→ Monitors and detects attack traffic.

B. Management center→ Controls and configures security policies.

D. Cleaning center→ Mitigates attack traffic and allows normal traffic.

Why is C incorrect?

"Zone" is not a specific Huawei Anti-DDoS component.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Anti-DDoS System Components

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Firewalls with advanced security features(such asIPS, Antivirus, and File Filtering) candetect and respond to file anomalies.

Actions that can be taken when an anomaly is detected:

A. Alarm→ Generates a log entry and notifies the administrator.

C. Block→ Prevents the file from being transferred.

D. Delete attachment→ Removes malicious attachments from emails.

Why is B incorrect?

Allowing a detected malicious file is not a valid security response.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → File Filtering & IPS Protection

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) logs record attack details for analysis and response.

The following information is logged:

A. Signature ID→ Unique identifier for the detected attack.

B. Source IP address of the attacker→ Identifies the origin of the attack.

C. Attack duration→ How long the attack lasted.

D. Signature name→ The specific attack detected (e.g., SQL injection).

All options are correct because Huawei NGFW logs complete IPS event details.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → IPS Logging & Analysis

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Hot standby networkingensureshigh availabilityby keeping a backup firewall ready in case of failure.

Two main modes exist:

Active/Standby Mode→ One firewall is active, and the other remains standby. Configuration is synchronized fromactive → standby.

Load-Sharing Mode→ Both firewallsprocess traffic simultaneously, improving performance.

Why is A false?

InLoad-Sharing Mode, both firewalls are active, butconfiguration synchronization does not cause conflicts. Instead, the firewalls synchronize states properly.

Why is D false?

InLoad-Sharing Mode, configuration is always synchronizedfrom the active firewall to the standby firewall, not the other way around.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Hot Standby Configuration

Huawei USG Firewalls High Availability Guide

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

DoS (Denial-of-Service)→ A single attacker sends excessive traffic to a target.

DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service)→ Uses multiple compromised devices (zombies or botnets) to amplify the attack.

Why is this statement true?

DDoS attacks originate from multiple sources (botnets), unlike DoS attacks.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → DoS vs. DDoS Attacks

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

iMaster NCE-Campus authentication supports multi-condition matching:

Account information(e.g., username, password, role-based policies).

SSID information(specific Wi-Fi network authentication).

Terminal IP address ranges(assigns different policies based on network segments).

Why is this statement true?

Multiple authentication conditions can be applied simultaneously to enforce flexible access control.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → iMaster NCE-Campus Authentication Policy

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Quota control policiesregulateuser access and resource usagebased on bandwidth and time constraints.

All options are correctsince Huawei firewalls support:

A→ Restricting the daily online duration.

B→ Restricting the total monthly online traffic.

C→ Restricting the total daily online traffic.

D→ Restricting the total online duration per month.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → User Quota Control Policies

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

CVSS (Common Vulnerability Scoring System)is used toevaluate the severity of security vulnerabilities.

It consists of three metric groups:

A. Temporal→ Measures how the vulnerability changes over time.

B. Base→ Measures theinherent severityof the vulnerability.

C. Environmental→ Measures the impact based on the user's specific environment.

Why is D incorrect?

"Spatial" is not a part of the CVSS scoring system.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → CVSS and Risk Scoring

Understanding Policy-Based Routing (PBR) in this Scenario:

PBR (Policy-Based Routing)is used toredirect and control traffic flowbased on policies instead of traditional routing.

Router1 is acting as a traffic diversion device, redirecting traffic through acleaning devicebefore sending it to the final destination (Zones).

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ Policy-Based Routing (PBR) and Traffic Diversion

Huawei CloudCampus Traffic Optimization Guide→ Cleaning Device Integration with Routers

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ Traffic Redirection for Security Inspection

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Virtual system resource allocation can bemanual or shared.

Manual allocationrequires configuring aresource class, defining aquota, and binding it to a virtual system.

Why is D false?

Quota-based resources are not automatically allocated.

An administrator must defineresource quotas.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide → Virtual System Resource Allocation

What is IKE DPD (Dead Peer Detection)?

IKE DPD (Dead Peer Detection)is a mechanism used inIPsec VPNsto check if a remote VPN peer is still reachable.

It allows the firewall to detectlink failuresandautomatically tear down and re-establish IPsec tunnelswhen necessary.

Why is DPD required in this scenario?

The network uses an active/standby link setup:

IPsec Tunnel 1 (Active) → Uses Link 1 (GE0/0/1).

IPsec Tunnel 2 (Standby) → Uses Link 2 (GE0/0/2).

IfLink 1 fails, the firewall must detect the failure andtear down IPsec Tunnel 1before establishingIPsec Tunnel 2 over Link 2.

DPD detects unreachable peersand triggers a failover.

How does IKE DPD work?

DPD periodically sends probes (HELLO messages) to the remote VPN peer.

If no response is received within a timeout period, the firewall assumes the peer is down.

Thefirewall deletes the IPsec tunnel and switches to the backup link.

Why is the answer "dpd" (lowercase)?

The questionexplicitly asks for lowercase letters.

"dpd" (Dead Peer Detection) is the correct technical term in Huawei firewalls and networking standards.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ IPsec VPN High Availability & DPD

Huawei USG Series Firewall Configuration Guide→ IKE Dead Peer Detection (DPD)

Understanding 802.1X Authentication in Wired Networks:

802.1X is a port-based network access control (PNAC) protocolthat requires aLayer 2 connectionbetween thesupplicant (PC), the authenticator (switch), and the authentication server (e.g., RADIUS server).

In wired networks,802.1X authentication occurs at the Ethernet switch (Layer 2 device), which enforces authenticationbefore allowing network access.

Why Must the Network Be Layer 2?

802.1X authentication operates at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) before any IP-based communication (Layer 3) occurs.

If the authentication device and user terminal were on different Layer 3 networks, the authentication packets (EAPOL - Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN)would not be forwarded.

In the figure, the authentication control point is at theaggregation switch, which means thePC and switch must be in the same Layer 2 domain.

Components of 802.1X Authentication in the Figure:

Supplicant (PC)→ The device requesting network access.

Authenticator (Aggregation Switch)→ The switch controlling access to the network based on authentication results.

Authentication Server (iMaster NCE-Campus & AD Server)→ Verifies user credentials and grants or denies access.

Layer 2 Connectivity Requirement→ ThePC must be in the same Layer 2 networkas theAuthenticatorto communicate via EAPOL.

Why "TRUE" is the Correct Answer:

802.1X authentication is performed before IP addresses are assigned, meaning it can only operate in a Layer 2 network.

EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN) messages are not routableand must stay within a single Layer 2 broadcast domain.

In enterprise networks,VLAN-based 802.1X authentication is often used, where authenticated users are assigned to a specific VLAN.

HCIP-Security References:

Huawei HCIP-Security Guide→ 802.1X Authentication in Enterprise Networks

Huawei iMaster NCE-Campus Documentation→ Authentication Control and NAC Deployment

IEEE 802.1X Standard Documentation→ Layer 2 Network Authentication