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Question # 4

Unfortunately. most of the (i)_________suburbia comes from metropolitan critics who glimpse it only fleethigly. Accustomed to the more structured forms of the city, they see only visual (ii)_________. And failing to recognize the interactions customary in an urban setting in the social and community life of suburbanites, they see social (iii)_________and miss the real diversity and richness.

A.

appreciation of

B.

analysis of

C.

encroachment on

D.

chaos

E.

analogies

F.

enhancements

G.

development

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Question # 5

The danger often facing authors of satirical works is that if the audience is not (i)_________the joke, the piece may

end up (ii)_________the behavior it was trying to (iii)_________.

A.

already frustrated by

B.

willing to laugh at

C.

discerning enough to get

D.

reinforcing

E.

depicting

F.

elucidating

G.

conceal

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Question # 6

Her tendency toward_________made her willingness to step up and lead the turbulent group all the more impressive.

A.

guilelessness

B.

diffidence

C.

forbearance

D.

rectitude

E.

assiduousness

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Question # 7

Given the_________of archival materials related to her subject, it is not surprising that the author is unable to

marshal much detailed documentary evidence to support some of her claims.

A.

diversity

B.

paucity

C.

accessibility

D.

orderliness

E.

profusion

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Question # 8

The iacl thai ihcre are so many varieties of youthful dissent indicates that there is considerably less_________to this counterculture than has been suggested.

A.

hypocrisy

B.

relevance

C.

spontaneity

D.

deeeneraev

E.

coherence

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Question # 9

Scientists have recently confirmed that Mercury possesses a lot of ice._________discovery for a place that ranks among the hottest in the solar system.

A.

a controversial

B.

a stunning

C.

a doubt fill

D.

a counterintuitive

E.

a dubious

F.

an unexpected

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Question # 10

In 1995 the United States National Park Service reintroduced wolves into Yellowstone National Park, from which they had been eliminated decades before by overhunting. Biologists hoped the reintroduction would return the park's mix of animals to a more natural state. After the wolves disappearance, the population of their onetime prey, the elk. had burgeoned. Subsequently, new tree growth declined as multiplying elk browsed young trees, denuding certain areas of the park. Following the wolves" return, the elk population declined and young trees rebounded. Most scientists attribute the vegetation changes to the wolves1 return. However. Ration observes that Yellowstone has not had a harsh winter since wolf numbers reached high levels and suggests that elk may not have needed to resort to trees for food.

It can be inferred from the passage that the scientists would he most likely to cite which of the following in support of their view?

A.

The correlation between the reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone and the decline of the elk population

B.

The correlation between wolves' disappearance from Yellowstone and the growth of the elk population

C.

The correlation between the rebounding of Yellowstone's trees and the pattern of its winters since 1995

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Question # 11

When Ms. Alvarez campaigns, she lends to_________small towns: most of her campaign appearances occur in large population centers and media markets.

A.

denigrate

B.

eschew

C.

romanticize

D.

shun

E.

castigate

F.

overlook

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Question # 12

Because ii has usually been impossible to_________exotic species once they have become established, it is prudent to minimize the introduction of such species that have a substantial probability of unwanted impacts.

A.

disseminate

B.

detect

C.

eradicate

D.

propagate

E.

extirpate

F.

differentiate

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Question # 13

Whatever the level of the museum's past (i)_________American art. it pales beside its current (ii)_________. Since

opening its renovated and expanded building, the museum has relegated American paintings to hard-to-find comers of

the museum. It is as if American art is < iii >_________the overwhelmingly European narrative that dominates the

permanent collection galleries.

A.

advocacy of

B.

enthusiasm for

C.

neglect of

D.

craze

E.

disdain

F.

support

G.

fundamental to

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Question # 14

There is a long-standing historical presumption that social custom during the early years of the United States forbade women from public speaking. In fact, though, the standard mode of education of the 1790s and early 1800s. which emphasized oral recitation and performance, taught girls that educated and well-spoken women had an important role to play in American society. By depicting skilled speech as a necessary talent for women in a civilized society, elocutionary education encouraged a certain degree of female ambition and even political involvement. Transmitted via standard, inexpensive schoolbooks. this message reached virtually all who read schoolbooks or attended schools. This environment did not last long, however: even by the 1S10s. attitudes about women's education had changed considerably.

The author would probably agree with which of the following statements about the "historical presumption"?

A.

It failed to account for the fact that certain abilities in young women were deemed desirable in the 1790s and 1800s.

B.

It had largely died out by the 1810s.

C.

It had an important influence on the content of textbooks used during the 1790s and the 1800s.

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Question # 15

Which of die following is a reasoning error committed by the argument?

A.

It contuses being the first to discover a method of achieving a certain goal with being the first to publish that method.

B.

It treats a condition that is necessary* to achieve a certain goal as though it were sufficient to achieve that goal.

C.

It supposes that if something is essential to one way of achieving a certain goal, then it is essential to any way of achieving that goal.

D.

It fails to distinguish adequately between methods of achieving a certain goal available at one time and methods of achieving that goal available at another time.

E.

It claims that a person who did not originate a method for achieving a certain goal would not understand that method.

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Question # 16

The movie has a surfeit of inscrutable characters and tortuous subplots, so it is no surprise that viewers leaving the recent screening appeared_________-

A.

complacent

B.

phlegmatic

C.

unsated

D.

beguiled

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Question # 17

The importance of the Bill of Rights in twentieth-century United States law and politics has led some historians to search for the "original meaning" of its most controversial clauses. This approach. known as "originalism." presumes that each right codified in the Bill of Rights had au independent history that can be studied in isolation from the histories of other rights, and its proponents ask how formulations of the Bill of Rights in 1791 reflected developments in specific areas of legal thinking at that time. Legal and constitutional historians, for example, have found originalism especially useful in the study of provisions of the Bill of Rights that were innovative by eighteenth-century standards, such as the Fourth Amendment's broadly termed protection against "unreasonable searches and seizures." Recent calls in the legal and political arena for a return to a "jurisprudence of original intention." however, have made it a matter of much more than purely scholarly interest when originalists insist that a clause's true meaning was fixed at the moment of its adoption, or maintain that only those rights explicitly mentioned in the United States Constitution deserve constitutional recognition and protection. These two claims seemingly lend support to the notion that an interpreter must apply fixed definitions of a fixed number of rights to contemporary issues, for the claims imply that the central problem of rights in the Revolutionary era was to precisely identity, enumerate, and define those rights that Americans felt were crucial to protecting their liberty.

Both claims, however, are questionable from the perspective of a strictly historical inquiry, however sensible they may seem from the vantage point of contemporary jurisprudence. Even though originalists are correct in claiming that the search for original meaning is inherently historical, historians would not normally seek.

Which of the following historical documents, if they existed, would most strengthen the author's characterization of Revolutionary

constitutionalism?

A.

Placards from 1791 urging people to ratify the Bill of Rights because it explicitly mentions all rights deserving of constitutional protection

B.

Personal letters of a framer of the Bill of Rights complaining about his colleagues' failure to reach consensus about which rights to protect and how to protect them

C.

Minutes of a meeting during which the precise wording of a right was worked out in order to ensure that the right had a single meaning

D.

The diary of a framer of the BUI of Rights that details a

discussion concerning why one particular clause should be included in the Bill of Rights

E.

Newspaper editorials asserting that the framers of the Bill of Rights failed to develop creative or innovative ideas about rights

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Question # 18

Although the claim that no one knows what dark matter is remains parallel assertion that dark matter has not been detected.

A.

contentious

B.

questionable

C.

sound

D.

prominent

E.

unassailable

F.

unverifiable

G.

some scientists dispute the

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Question # 19

Carbon dating of charcoal gathered from a Nok iron smelter at Intime. Nigeria, suggests that iron technology was established there by 410 B.C. This may not be the oldest smelter in sub-Saharan Africa, however. Archaeologists have located evidence of iron-smelting in the Termite Hills of Niger from as early as 1400 B.C.. but skeptics say the wood used for that dating could have already been centuries old when burned as fuel—a problem that dogs carbon dating, especially in arid places like Niger, where wood desiccates and lasts longer. Of course, the same problem could distort dates for the Intime furnace as well, but here there is an important piece of corroborating evidence: Nok pottery found inside the furnace alongside the charcoal.

The author implies which of the following about the "Nok pottery found inside the furnace"?

A.

It provides independent support for the results of the carbon dating of the charcoal.

B.

It was probably imported to Intini from a less arid climate.

C.

It predates the pottery found in the Termit Mills of Niger.

D.

It indicates that the furnace was used primarily for purposes other than smelting.

E.

It contains traces of iron smelted in the same furnace.

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Question # 20

Instances of "galactic cannibalism"—mergers in which large galaxies completely consume smaller ones—may be fairly common. Tidal forces produced by the Milky Way's powerful gravity, for example, appear to be dismantling and engulfing a dwarf galaxy in the constellation Sagittarius, producing large clumps and streamers of stars connecting the two galaxies. Astronomers have also observed two dense clusters of stars and gas at the heart of the Andromeda galaxy, an apparent "double nucleus" that may contain the remnant of a cannibalized dwarf galaxy. But this Twin-lobed appearance could also be created by two parts of a single nucleus bisected by a lane of dust. Scientists believe that only about 25 percent of such apparent double nuclei actually represent galactic cannibalism. Many of the rest result from the illusion of proximity that occurs when objects at different distances appear along the same line of sight: others consist of debris from galactic "collisions." in which one galaxy has passed through another without merging, causing waves of new star formation.

According to the passage, a true double nucleus may be produced by the

A.

collision of two dwarf galaxies

B.

incorporation of a dwarf galaxy into a larger galaxy

C.

merging of two galaxies of approximately equal size

D.

separation of a single nucleus into two parts by a lane of dust

E.

waves of new star formation resulting from an instance of galactic cannibalism

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Question # 21

In the brushland of Klanos Island, seeds of the plant Emmenan the penduliflora normally stay dormant for years and germinate only after a brushfire. The resulting plants quickly mature, produce seed, and then die. It is the nitrogen dioxide in (he smoke that induces the seeds lo germinate. Because automobiles are being introduced on Klanos. and their exhaust contains nitrogen dioxide, the plants will probably be seen throughout Klanos every year.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A.

All efforts to reduce the frequency and intensity of brushfires on Klanos have failed.

B.

Fires clear much of the brush in the habitat off. penduliflora. allowing germinating seeds to receive enough sunlight to grow.

C.

A small amount of nitrogen dioxide, such as is contained in the exhaust of two or three automobiles, is sufficient to induce the germination of nearby seeds off. penduliflora.

D.

The seeds of some of the other plants that are found on Klanos do not germinate unless the seed coat that protects the kernel of the seed is cracked by intense heat.

E.

Fires in the habitat off. penduliflora entirely destroy the plant's seeds in the places where the fires bum most intensely.

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Question # 22

No act is done purely for the benefit of

Claim: others

All actions—even those that seem to be done

for other people—are based on self-interest.

Reason-

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.

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Question # 23

The following appeared in a letter from the owner of the Sunnyside Towers apartment complex to its manager.

"Last week, all the showerheads in the first three buildings of the Sunnyside Towers complex were modified to restrict maximum water flow to one-third of what it used to be. Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. Clearly, modifying showerheads to restrict water flow throughout all twelve buildings in the Sunnyside Towers complex will increase our profits further."

Write a response in which you examine the stated and or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

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Question # 24

Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with (lie claim. In developing and supporting your position- be sure to address the most compelling reasons and or examples that could be used to challenge your position.

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Question # 25

The following appeared as a letter to the editor from the owner of a skate shop in Central Plaza.

"Two years ago the city council voted to prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. They claimed that skateboard users were responsible for litter and vandalism that were keeping other visitors from coming to the plaza. In the past two years, however, there has been only a small increase in the number of visitors to Central Plaza. and litter and vandalism are still problematic. Skateboarding is permitted in Monroe Park, however, and there is no problem with litter or vandalism there. In order to restore Central Plaza to its former glory, then, we recommend that the city lift its prohibition on skateboarding in the plaza."

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

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Question # 26

Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.

Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.

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Question # 27

The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper

"The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. Dunne this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from SI.50 to over S3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices Such regulation is necessary to ensure fair prices for consumers."

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation

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Question # 28

The following appeared in a letter to the editor of a Batavia newspaper

"The department of agriculture in Batavia reports that the number of dairy farms throughout the country is now 25 percent greater than it was 10 years ago. During this same time period, however, the price of milk at the local Excello Food Market has increased from SI.50 to over $3.00 per gallon. To prevent farmers from continuing to receive excessive profits on an apparently increased supply of milk, the Batavia government should begin to regulate retail milk prices Such regulation is necessary to ensure fair prices for consumers."

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation

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Question # 29

The following appeared in a memo from the president of Bower Builders, a company that constructs new homes.

"A nationwide survey reveals that the two most-desired home features are a large family room and a large, well-appointed kitchen. A number of homes in our area built by our competitor Domus Construction have such features and have sold much faster and at significantly higher prices than the national average. To boost sales and profits, we should increase the size of the family rooms and kitchens in all the homes we build and should make state-of-the-art kitchens a standard feature. Moreover, our larger family rooms and kitchens can come at the expense of the dining room, since many of our recent buyers say they do not need a separate dining room for family meals."

Write a response in which you examine the stated and or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

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Question # 30

Pumping at a constant rate, a certain gasoline pump can fill an empty 50-gallon tank in 2 minutes. If the pump pumped gasoline into the 50-gallon tank at the constant rate for 1.5 minutes and the tank had 10 gallons of gasoline in it when the pump began pumping, what percent of the volume of the 50-gallon tank was filled with gasoline at the end of the 1.5 minutes?

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Question # 31

Exhibit.

A.

Quantity A is greater.

B.

Quantity B is greater.

C.

The two quantities are equal.

D.

The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

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Question # 32

Exhibit.

A.

Quantity A is greater.

B.

Quantity B is greater.

C.

The two quantities are equal

D.

The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

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Question # 33

Exhibit.

A.

Quantity A is greater.

B.

Quantity B is greater.

C.

The two quantities are equal

D.

The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

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Question # 34

Exhibit.

A group of 3 different investors is to be randomly selected from the 5 investors shown. What is the probability that, for at least 2 of the 3 investors selected, the number of shares of Stock X purchased and then sold will be less than 1.5 times the corresponding number for stock Y?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

A.

Option A

B.

Option B

C.

Option C

D.

Option D

E.

Option E

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Question # 35

In a sequence of 300 numbers, the first number is 3. the second is 5. and each succeeding number is equal to the sum of the previous two numbers in the sequence. If a number is to be randomly selected from the sequence, what is the probability that the number selected will be odd?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

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Question # 36

In the xv -plane, what is the x -intercept of the line given by the equation Ax + 3y = 24 ?

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Question # 37

A box is being lowered lo the ground by a machine. The distance from the bottom of the box to the ground is initially 244 centimeters, and the distance decreases at a constant rate of 2 centimeters per second until the bottom of the box reaches the ground. If the distance is graphed in the w-plane. where v represents the distance, in centimeters, from the bottom of the box to the ground after X seconds, what is the .x-intercept of the graph?

A.

122

B.

242

C.

244

D.

246

E.

248

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Question # 38

Al. Ben. Carl, Dina. and Edna are to be seated in a row of 5 adjoining chairs, with 1 person sitting in each chair. If Dina and Edna must each be seated m the first chair in the row or the last chair in the row. in how many different seating arrangements can the 5 people be seated"1

A.

6

B.

12

C.

24

D.

30

E.

60

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Question # 39

A certain train will travel from City A to City B. and then back to City A along the same route. The train is scheduled to spend a total of T hours traveling lime for the round-trip. The train travels from City A to City B in 13 hours, traveling at an average speed of 25 miles per hour. If the train is to arrive exactly on schedule, at what average speed must the train travel from City B to City A ?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

A.

Option

B.

Option

C.

Option

D.

Option

E.

Option

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Question # 40

For each integer ;; greater than I. the sum of the first » positive integers is given by the formula shown.

If the average (arithmetic mean) of the first // positive integers is k. what is the sum of the first n positive integers in terms of k ?

A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

A.

Option A

B.

Option B

C.

Option C

D.

Option D

E.

Option E

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Question # 41

For a certain type of can. the number of grams of aluminum per can decreased by 20 percent from 1994 to 1998. while the cost per gram of aluminum decreased by 60 percent. If the cost of the aluminum in y cans in 1994 was equal to the cost of aluminum in A v cans in 1998. then k =

A.

3.125

B.

4.25

C.

5.125

D.

6.25

E.

7.875

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Question # 42

A.

Quantity A is greater.

B.

Quantity B is greater.

C.

The two quantities are equal.

D.

The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

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