Exact2Pass
Which type of scan is used on the eye to measure the layer of blood vessels?
Which NMAP command combination would let a tester scan every TCP port from a class C network that is blocking ICMP with fingerprinting and service detection?
Which of the following lists are valid data-gathering activities associated with a risk assessment?
What is the purpose of conducting security assessments on network resources?
A tester is attempting to capture and analyze the traffic on a given network and realizes that the network has several switches. What could be used to successfully sniff the traffic on this switched network? (Choose three.)
The network administrator for a company is setting up a website with e-commerce capabilities. Packet sniffing is a concern because credit card information will be sent electronically over the Internet. Customers visiting the site will need to encrypt the data with HTTPS. Which type of certificate is used to encrypt and decrypt the data?
Which of the following resources does NMAP need to be used as a basic vulnerability scanner covering several vectors like SMB, HTTP and FTP?
Which of the following levels of algorithms does Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) use?
The precaution of prohibiting employees from bringing personal computing devices into a facility is what type of security control?
A large company intends to use Blackberry for corporate mobile phones and a security analyst is assigned to evaluate the possible threats. The analyst will use the Blackjacking attack method to demonstrate how an attacker could circumvent perimeter defenses and gain access to the corporate network. What tool should the analyst use to perform a Blackjacking attack?
A tester has been hired to do a web application security test. The tester notices that the site is dynamic and must make use of a back end database.
In order for the tester to see if SQL injection is possible, what is the first character that the tester should use to attempt breaking a valid SQL request?
Fingerprinting VPN firewalls is possible with which of the following tools?
WPA2 uses AES for wireless data encryption at which of the following encryption levels?
While performing data validation of web content, a security technician is required to restrict malicious input. Which of the following processes is an efficient way of restricting malicious input?
During a penetration test, a tester finds a target that is running MS SQL 2000 with default credentials. The tester assumes that the service is running with Local System account. How can this weakness be exploited to access the system?
When setting up a wireless network, an administrator enters a pre-shared key for security. Which of the following is true?
Which of the following can the administrator do to verify that a tape backup can be recovered in its entirety?
Which of the following viruses tries to hide from anti-virus programs by actively altering and corrupting the chosen service call interruptions when they are being run?
A company has publicly hosted web applications and an internal Intranet protected by a firewall. Which technique will help protect against enumeration?
What results will the following command yielD. 'NMAP -sS -O -p 123-153 192.168.100.3'?
Which of the following tools would be the best choice for achieving compliance with PCI Requirement 11?
Steven the hacker realizes the network administrator of Acme Corporation is using syskey in Windows 2008 Server to protect his resources in the organization. Syskey independently encrypts the hashes so that physical access to the server, tapes, or ERDs is only first step to cracking the passwords. Steven must break through the encryption used by syskey before he can attempt to use brute force dictionary attacks on the hashes. Steven runs a program called "SysCracker" targeting the Windows 2008 Server machine in attempting to crack the hash used by Syskey. He needs to configure the encryption level before he can launch the attack. How many bits does Syskey use for encryption?
Consider the following code:
URL:http://www.certified.com/search.pl?
text=
If an attacker can trick a victim user to click a link like this, and the Web application does not validate input, then the victim's browser will pop up an alert showing the users current set of cookies. An attacker can do much more damage, including stealing passwords, resetting your home page, or redirecting the user to another Web site.
What is the countermeasure against XSS scripting?
In Buffer Overflow exploit, which of the following registers gets overwritten with return address of the exploit code?
Samuel is the network administrator of DataX Communications, Inc. He is trying to configure his firewall to block password brute force attempts on his network. He enables blocking the intruder's IP address for a period of 24 hours' time after more than three unsuccessful attempts. He is confident that this rule will secure his network from hackers on the Internet.
But he still receives hundreds of thousands brute-force attempts generated from various IP addresses around the world. After some investigation he realizes that the intruders are using a proxy somewhere else on the Internet which has been scripted to enable the random usage of various proxies on each request so as not to get caught by the firewall rule.
Later he adds another rule to his firewall and enables small sleep on the password attempt so that if the password is incorrect, it would take 45 seconds to return to the user to begin another attempt. Since an intruder may use multiple machines to brute force the password, he also throttles the number of connections that will be prepared to accept from a particular IP address. This action will slow the intruder's attempts.
Samuel wants to completely block hackers brute force attempts on his network.
What are the alternatives to defending against possible brute-force password attacks on his site?
Google uses a unique cookie for each browser used by an individual user on a computer. This cookie contains information that allows Google to identify records about that user on its database. This cookie is submitted every time a user launches a Google search, visits a site using AdSense etc. The information stored in Google's database, identified by the cookie, includes
How would you prevent Google from storing your search keywords?
You receive an e-mail with the following text message.
"Microsoft and HP today warned all customers that a new, highly dangerous virus has been discovered which will erase all your files at midnight. If there's a file called hidserv.exe on your computer, you have been infected and your computer is now running a hidden server that allows hackers to access your computer. Delete the file immediately. Please also pass this message to all your friends and colleagues as soon as possible."
You launch your antivirus software and scan the suspicious looking file hidserv.exe located in c:\windows directory and the AV comes out clean meaning the file is not infected. You view the file signature and confirm that it is a legitimate Windows system file "Human Interface Device Service".
What category of virus is this?
A rootkit is a collection of tools (programs) that enable administrator-level access to a computer. This program hides itself deep into an operating system for malicious activity and is extremely difficult to detect. The malicious software operates in a stealth fashion by hiding its files, processes and registry keys and may be used to create a hidden directory or folder designed to keep out of view from a user's operating system and security software.
What privilege level does a rootkit require to infect successfully on a Victim's machine?
You run nmap port Scan on 10.0.0.5 and attempt to gain banner/server information from services running on ports 21, 110 and 123.
Here is the output of your scan results:
Which of the following nmap command did you run?
If a competitor wants to cause damage to your organization, steal critical secrets, or put you out of business, they just have to find a job opening, prepare someone to pass the interview, have that person hired, and they will be in the organization.
How would you prevent such type of attacks?
Your computer is infected by E-mail tracking and spying Trojan. This Trojan infects the computer with a single file - emos.sys
Which step would you perform to detect this type of Trojan?
This IDS defeating technique works by splitting a datagram (or packet) into multiple fragments and the IDS will not spot the true nature of the fully assembled datagram. The datagram is not reassembled until it reaches its final destination. It would be a processor-intensive task for IDS to reassemble all fragments itself, and on a busy system the packet will slip through the IDS onto the network. What is this technique called?
What file system vulnerability does the following command take advantage of?
type c:\anyfile.exe > c:\winnt\system32\calc.exe:anyfile.exe
Which of the following scanning tools is specifically designed to find potential exploits in Microsoft Windows products?
Which of the following processes of PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) ensures that a trust relationship exists and that a certificate is still valid for specific operations?
What is the main difference between a “Normal” SQL Injection and a “Blind” SQL Injection vulnerability?
Which of the following ensures that updates to policies, procedures, and configurations are made in a controlled and documented fashion?
A network security administrator is worried about potential man-in-the-middle attacks when users access a corporate web site from their workstations. Which of the following is the best remediation against this type of attack?
A company firewall engineer has configured a new DMZ to allow public systems to be located away from the internal network. The engineer has three security zones set:
Untrust (Internet) – (Remote network = 217.77.88.0/24)
DMZ (DMZ) – (11.12.13.0/24)
Trust (Intranet) – (192.168.0.0/24)
The engineer wants to configure remote desktop access from a fixed IP on the remote network to a remote desktop server in the DMZ. Which rule would best fit this requirement?
Which of the following buffer overflow exploits are related to Microsoft IIS web server? (Choose three)
Tess King is making use of Digest Authentication for her Web site. Why is this considered to be more secure than Basic authentication?
John is discussing security with Jane. Jane had mentioned to John earlier that she suspects an LKM has been installed on her server. She believes this is the reason that the server has been acting erratically lately. LKM stands for Loadable Kernel Module.
What does this mean in the context of Linux Security?
Exhibit
Study the log given in the exhibit,
Precautionary measures to prevent this attack would include writing firewall rules. Of these firewall rules, which among the following would be appropriate?
Bill is attempting a series of SQL queries in order to map out the tables within the database that he is trying to exploit.
Choose the attack type from the choices given below.
You visit a website to retrieve the listing of a company's staff members. But you can not find it on the website. You know the listing was certainly present one year before. How can you retrieve information from the outdated website?
Clive has been hired to perform a Black-Box test by one of his clients.
How much information will Clive obtain from the client before commencing his test?
You are the security administrator for a large network. You want to prevent attackers from running any sort of traceroute into your DMZ and discover the internal structure of publicly accessible areas of the network.
How can you achieve this?
RC4 is known to be a good stream generator. RC4 is used within the WEP standard on wireless LAN. WEP is known to be insecure even if we are using a stream cipher that is known to be secured.
What is the most likely cause behind this?
While probing an organization you discover that they have a wireless network. From your attempts to connect to the WLAN you determine that they have deployed MAC filtering by using ACL on the access points. What would be the easiest way to circumvent and communicate on the WLAN?
The Slammer Worm exploits a stack-based overflow that occurs in a DLL implementing the Resolution Service.
Which of the following Database Server was targeted by the slammer worm?
Snort is an open source Intrusion Detection system. However, it can also be used for a few other purposes as well.
Which of the choices below indicate the other features offered by Snort?
Peter is a Network Admin. He is concerned that his network is vulnerable to a smurf attack. What should Peter do to prevent a smurf attack?
Select the best answer.
This is an example of whois record.
Sometimes a company shares a little too much information on their organization through public domain records. Based on the above whois record, what can an attacker do? (Select 2 answers)
John is using a special tool on his Linux platform that has a database containing signatures to be able to detect hundreds of vulnerabilities in UNIX, Windows, and commonly used web CGI/ASPX scripts. Moreover, the database detects DDoS zombies and Trojans as well. What would be the name of this tool?
ViruXine.W32 virus hides their presence by changing the underlying executable code. This Virus code mutates while keeping the original algorithm intact, the code changes itself each time it runs, but the function of the code (its semantics) will not change at all.
Here is a section of the Virus code:
What is this technique called?
Take a look at the following attack on a Web Server using obstructed URL:
How would you protect from these attacks?
Which of the following steganography utilities exploits the nature of white space and allows the user to conceal information in these white spaces?
The FIN flag is set and sent from host A to host B when host A has no more data to transmit (Closing a TCP connection). This flag releases the connection resources. However, host A can continue to receive data as long as the SYN sequence numbers of transmitted packets from host B are lower than the packet segment containing the set FIN flag.
A Trojan horse is a destructive program that masquerades as a benign application. The software initially appears to perform a desirable function for the user prior to installation and/or execution, but in addition to the expected function steals information or harms the system.
The challenge for an attacker is to send a convincing file attachment to the victim, which gets easily executed on the victim machine without raising any suspicion. Today's end users are quite knowledgeable about malwares and viruses. Instead of sending games and fun executables, Hackers today are quite successful in spreading the Trojans using Rogue security software.
What is Rogue security software?
Neil is closely monitoring his firewall rules and logs on a regular basis. Some of the users have complained to Neil that there are a few employees who are visiting offensive web site during work hours, without any consideration for others. Neil knows that he has an up-to-date content filtering system and such access should not be authorized. What type of technique might be used by these offenders to access the Internet without restriction?
Frederickson Security Consultants is currently conducting a security audit on the networks of Hawthorn Enterprises, a contractor for the Department of Defense. Since Hawthorn Enterprises conducts business daily with the federal government, they must abide by very stringent security policies. Frederickson is testing all of Hawthorn's physical and logical security measures including biometrics, passwords, and permissions. The federal government requires that all users must utilize random, non-dictionary passwords that must take at least 30 days to crack. Frederickson has confirmed that all Hawthorn employees use a random password generator for their network passwords. The Frederickson consultants have saved off numerous SAM files from Hawthorn's servers using Pwdump6 and are going to try and crack the network passwords. What method of attack is best suited to crack these passwords in the shortest amount of time?
Attackers send an ACK probe packet with random sequence number, no response means port is filtered (Stateful firewall is present) and RST response means the port is not filtered. What type of Port Scanning is this?
One of the ways to map a targeted network for live hosts is by sending an ICMP ECHO request to the broadcast or the network address. The request would be broadcasted to all hosts on the targeted network. The live hosts will send an ICMP ECHO Reply to the attacker's source IP address.
You send a ping request to the broadcast address 192.168.5.255.
There are 40 computers up and running on the target network. Only 13 hosts send a reply while others do not. Why?
File extensions provide information regarding the underlying server technology. Attackers can use this information to search vulnerabilities and launch attacks. How would you disable file extensions in Apache servers?
Fred is scanning his network to ensure it is as secure as possible. Fred sends a TCP probe packet to a host with a FIN flag and he receives a RST/ACK response. What does this mean?
Bob has been hired to do a web application security test. Bob notices that the site is dynamic and must make use of a back end database. Bob wants to see if SQL Injection would be possible. What is the first character that Bob should use to attempt breaking valid SQL request?
You establish a new Web browser connection to Google. Since a 3-way handshake is required for any TCP connection, the following actions will take place.
Which of the following packets represent completion of the 3-way handshake?
Which port, when configured on a switch receives a copy of every packet that passes through it?
John the Ripper is a technical assessment tool used to test the weakness of which of the following?
Which of the following techniques can be used to mitigate the risk of an on-site attacker from connecting to an unused network port and gaining full access to the network? (Choose three.)
Which of the following types of firewall inspects only header information in network traffic?
Which of the following describes a component of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) where a copy of a private key is stored to provide third-party access and to facilitate recovery operations?
Bill is a security analyst for his company. All the switches used in the company's office are Cisco switches. Bill wants to make sure all switches are safe from ARP poisoning. How can Bill accomplish this?
On a Linux device, which of the following commands will start the Nessus client in the background so that the Nessus server can be configured?
Which tool is used to automate SQL injections and exploit a database by forcing a given web application to connect to another database controlled by a hacker?
Wayne is the senior security analyst for his company. Wayne is examining some traffic logs on a server and came across some inconsistencies. Wayne finds some IP packets from a computer purporting to be on the internal network. The packets originate from 192.168.12.35 with a TTL of 15. The server replied to this computer and received a response from 192.168.12.35 with a TTL of 21. What can Wayne infer from this traffic log?
Which of the following can take an arbitrary length of input and produce a message digest output of 160 bit?
June, a security analyst, understands that a polymorphic virus has the ability to mutate and can change its known viral signature and hide from signature-based antivirus programs. Can June use an antivirus program in this case and would it be effective against a polymorphic virus?
Harold just got home from working at Henderson LLC where he works as an IT technician. He was able to get off early because they were not too busy. When he walks into his home office, he notices his teenage daughter on the computer, apparently chatting with someone online. As soon as she hears Harold enter the room, she closes all her windows and tries to act like she was playing a game. When Harold asks her what she was doing, she acts very nervous and does not give him a straight answer. Harold is very concerned because he does not want his daughter to fall victim to online predators and the sort. Harold doesn't necessarily want to install any programs that will restrict the sites his daughter goes to, because he doesn't want to alert her to his trying to figure out what she is doing. Harold wants to use some kind of program that will track her activities online, and send Harold an email of her activity once a day so he can see what she has been up to. What kind of software could Harold use to accomplish this?
Jane wishes to forward X-Windows traffic to a remote host as well as POP3 traffic. She is worried that adversaries might be monitoring the communication link and could inspect captured traffic. She would like to tunnel the information to the remote end but does not have VPN capabilities to do so. Which of the following tools can she use to protect the link?
Which vital role does the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) provide?
As a securing consultant, what are some of the things you would recommend to a company to ensure DNS security? Select the best answers.
_____ is the process of converting something from one representation to the simplest form. It deals with the way in which systems convert data from one form to another.
_________ is a tool that can hide processes from the process list, can hide files, registry entries, and intercept keystrokes.
What ports should be blocked on the firewall to prevent NetBIOS traffic from not coming through the firewall if your network is comprised of Windows NT, 2000, and XP?(Choose all that apply.
John wishes to install a new application onto his Windows 2000 server.
He wants to ensure that any application he uses has not been Trojaned.
What can he do to help ensure this?
You have retrieved the raw hash values from a Windows 2000 Domain Controller. Using social engineering, you come to know that they are enforcing strong passwords. You understand that all users are required to use passwords that are at least 8 characters in length. All passwords must also use 3 of the 4 following categories: lower case letters, capital letters, numbers and special characters.
With your existing knowledge of users, likely user account names and the possibility that they will choose the easiest passwords possible, what would be the fastest type of password cracking attack you can run against these hash values and still get results?
Eve is spending her day scanning the library computers. She notices that Alice is using a computer whose port 445 is active and listening. Eve uses the ENUM tool to enumerate Alice machine. From the command prompt, she types the following command.
For /f "tokens=1 %%a in (hackfile.txt) do net use * \\10.1.2.3\c$ /user:"Administrator" %%a
What is Eve trying to do?
A file integrity program such as Tripwire protects against Trojan horse attacks by:
An attacker runs netcat tool to transfer a secret file between two hosts.
Machine A: netcat -l -p 1234 < secretfile
Machine B: netcat 192.168.3.4 > 1234
He is worried about information being sniffed on the network. How would the attacker use netcat to encrypt the information before transmitting onto the wire?
A user on your Windows 2000 network has discovered that he can use L0phtcrack to sniff the SMB exchanges which carry user logons. The user is plugged into a hub with 23 other systems. However, he is unable to capture any logons though he knows that other users are logging in.
What do you think is the most likely reason behind this?
When Jason moves a file via NFS over the company's network, you want to grab a copy of it by sniffing. Which of the following tool accomplishes this?
Exhibit:
The following is an entry captured by a network IDS.You are assigned the task of analyzing this entry. You notice the value 0x90, which is the most common NOOP instruction for the Intel processor. You figure that the attacker is attempting a buffer overflow attack. You also notice "/bin/sh" in the ASCII part of the output. As an analyst what would you conclude about the attack?
Password cracking programs reverse the hashing process to recover passwords.(True/False.
Erik notices a big increase in UDP packets sent to port 1026 and 1027 occasionally. He enters the following at the command prompt.
$ nc -l -p 1026 -u -v
In response, he sees the following message.
cell(?(c)????STOPALERT77STOP! WINDOWS REQUIRES IMMEDIATE ATTENTION.
Windows has found 47 Critical Errors.
To fix the errors please do the following:
1. Download Registry Repair from: www.reg-patch.com
2. Install Registry Repair
3. Run Registry Repair
4. Reboot your computer
FAILURE TO ACT NOW MAY LEAD TO DATA LOSS AND CORRUPTION!
What would you infer from this alert?
John is using a special tool on his Linux platform that has a signature database and is therefore able to detect hundred of vulnerabilities in UNIX, Windows, and commonly-used web CGI scripts. Additionally, the database detects DDoS zombies and Trojans. What would be the name of this multifunctional tool?
Which of the following Nmap commands would be used to perform a stack fingerprinting?
Botnets are networks of compromised computers that are controlled remotely and surreptitiously by one or more cyber criminals. How do cyber criminals infect a victim's computer with bots? (Select 4 answers)
When Nmap performs a ping sweep, which of the following sets of requests does it send to the target device?
You have initiated an active operating system fingerprinting attempt with nmap against a target system:
What operating system is the target host running based on the open ports shown above?
Which of the following is considered an acceptable option when managing a risk?
Bob is acknowledged as a hacker of repute and is popular among visitors of “underground” sites. Bob is willing to share his knowledge with those who are willing to learn, and many have expressed their interest in learning from him. However, this knowledge has a risk associated with it, as it can be used for malevolent attacks as well.
In this context, what would be the most affective method to bridge the knowledge gap between the “black” hats or crackers and the “white” hats or computer security professionals? (Choose the test answer)
While attempting to discover the remote operating system on the target computer, you receive the following results from an nmap scan:
Remote operating system guess: Too many signatures match to reliably guess the OS.
Nmap run completed -- 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 277.483 seconds
What should be your next step to identify the OS?
A company is legally liable for the content of email that is sent from its systems, regardless of whether the message was sent for private or business-related purposes. This could lead to prosecution for the sender and for the company's directors if, for example, outgoing email was found to contain material that was pornographic, racist, or likely to incite someone to commit an act of terrorism. You can always defend yourself by "ignorance of the law" clause.
