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Question # 4

What is the term for an algorithm that focuses on making the best choice achieve an immediate objective at a particular step or decision point, based on the available information and without regard for the longer-term best solutions?

A.

Single-lane.

B.

Optimized.

C.

Efficient.

D.

Greedy.

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Question # 5

Pursuant to the White House Executive Order of November 2023, who is responsible for creating guidelines to conduct red-teaming tests of Al systems?

A.

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

B.

National Science and Technology Council (NSTC).

C.

Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP).

D.

Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

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Question # 6

In the machine learning context, feature engineering is the process of?

A.

Converting raw data into clean data.

B.

Creating learning schema for a model apply.

C.

Developing guidelines to train and test a model.

D.

Extracting attributes and variables from raw data.

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Question # 7

You are part of your organization’s ML engineering team and notice that the accuracy of a model that was recently deployed into production is deteriorating.

What is the best first step address this?

A.

Replace the model with a previous version.

B.

Conduct champion/challenger testing.

C.

Perform an audit of the model.

D.

Run red-teaming exercises.

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Question # 8

Which of the following would be the least likely step for an organization to take when designing an integrated compliance strategy for responsible Al?

A.

Conducting an assessment of existing compliance programs to determine overlaps and integration points.

B.

Employing a new software platform to modernize existing compliance processes across the organization.

C.

Consulting experts to consider the ethical principles underpinning the use of Al within the organization.

D.

Launching a survey to understand the concerns and interests of potentially impacted stakeholders.

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Question # 9

CASE STUDY

Please use the following answer the next question:

A mid-size US healthcare network has decided to develop an Al solution to detect a type of cancer that is most likely arise in adults. Specifically, the healthcare network intends to create a recognition algorithm that will perform an initial review of all imaging and then route records a radiologist for secondary review pursuant agreed-upon criteria (e.g., a confidence score below a threshold).

To date, the healthcare network has taken the following steps: defined its Al ethical principles: conducted discovery to identify the intended uses and success criteria for the system: established an Al governance committee; assembled a broad, crossfunctional team with clear roles and responsibilities; and created policies and procedures to document standards, workflows, timelines and risk thresholds during the project.

The healthcare network intends to retain a cloud provider to host the solution and a consulting firm to help develop the algorithm using the healthcare network's existing data and de-identified data that is licensed from a large US clinical research partner.

In the design phase, which of the following steps is most important in gathering the data from the clinical research partner?

A.

Perform a privacy impact assessment.

B.

Combine only anonymized data.

C.

Segregate the data sets.

D.

Review the terms of use.

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Question # 10

CASE STUDY

Please use the following answer the next question:

A mid-size US healthcare network has decided to develop an Al solution to detect a type of cancer that is most likely arise in adults. Specifically, the healthcare network intends to create a recognition algorithm that will perform an initial review of all imaging and then route records a radiologist for secondary review pursuant agreed-upon criteria (e.g., a confidence score below a threshold).

To date, the healthcare network has taken the following steps: defined its Al ethical principles: conducted discovery to identify the intended uses and success criteria for the system: established an Al governance committee; assembled a broad, crossfunctional team with clear roles and responsibilities; and created policies and procedures to document standards, workflows, timelines and risk thresholds during the project.

The healthcare network intends to retain a cloud provider to host the solution and a consulting firm to help develop the algorithm using the healthcare network's existing data and de-identified data that is licensed from a large US clinical research partner.

In the design phase, what is the most important step for the healthcare network to take when mapping its existing data to the clinical research partner data?

A.

Apply privacy-enhancing technologies to the data.

B.

Identify fits and gaps in the combined data.

C.

Ensure the data is labeled and formatted.

D.

Evaluate the country of origin of the data.

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Question # 11

CASE STUDY

Please use the following answer the next question:

A local police department in the United States procured an Al system to monitor and analyze social media feeds, online marketplaces and other sources of public information to detect evidence of illegal activities (e.g., sale of drugs or stolen goods). The Al system works by surveilling the public sites in order to identify individuals that are likely to have committed a crime. It cross-references the individuals against data maintained by law enforcement and then assigns a percentage score of the likelihood of criminal activity based on certain factors like previous criminal history, location, time, race and gender.

The police department retained a third-party consultant assist in the procurement process, specifically to evaluate two finalists. Each of the vendors provided information about their system's accuracy rates, the diversity of their training data and how their system works. The consultant determined that the first vendor’s system has a higher accuracy rate and based on this information, recommended this vendor to the police department.

The police department chose the first vendor and implemented its Al system. As part of the implementation, the department and consultant created a usage policy for the system, which includes training police officers on how the system works and how to incorporate it into their investigation process.

The police department has now been using the Al system for a year. An internal review has found that every time the system scored a likelihood of criminal activity at or above 90%, the police investigation subsequently confirmed that the individual had, in fact, committed a crime. Based on these results, the police department wants to forego investigations for cases where the Al system gives a score of at least 90% and proceed directly with an arrest.

The best human oversight mechanism for the police department to implement is that a police officer should?

A.

Explain to the accused how the Al system works.

B.

Confirm the Al recommendation prior to sentencing.

C.

Ensure an accused is given notice that the Al system was used.

D.

Consider the Al recommendation as part of the criminal investigation.

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Question # 12

Which type of existing assessment could best be leveraged to create an Al impact assessment?

A.

A safety impact assessment.

B.

A privacy impact assessment.

C.

A security impact assessment.

D.

An environmental impact assessment.

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Question # 13

CASE STUDY

Please use the following answer the next question:

A local police department in the United States procured an Al system to monitor and analyze social media feeds, online marketplaces and other sources of public information to detect evidence of illegal activities (e.g., sale of drugs or stolen goods). The Al system works by surveilling the public sites in order to identify individuals that are likely to have committed a crime. It cross-references the individuals against data maintained by law enforcement and then assigns a percentage score of the likelihood of criminal activity based on certain factors like previous criminal history, location, time, race and gender.

The police department retained a third-party consultant assist in the procurement process, specifically to evaluate two finalists. Each of the vendors provided information about their system's accuracy rates, the diversity of their training data and how their system works. The consultant determined that the first vendor’s system has a higher accuracy rate and based on this information, recommended this vendor to the police department.

The police department chose the first vendor and implemented its Al system. As part of the implementation, the department and consultant created a usage policy for the system, which includes training police officers on how the system works and how to incorporate it into their investigation process.

The police department has now been using the Al system for a year. An internal review has found that every time the system scored a likelihood of criminal activity at or above 90%, the police investigation subsequently confirmed that the individual had, in fact, committed a crime. Based on these results, the police department wants to forego investigations for cases where the Al system gives a score of at least 90% and proceed directly with an arrest.

What is the best reason the police department should continue to perform investigations even if the Al system scores an individual's likelihood of criminal activity at or above 90%?

A.

Because the department did not perform an impact assessment for this intended use.

B.

Because Al systems that affect fundamental civil rights should not be fully automated.

C.

Because investigations may identify additional individuals involved in the crime.

D.

Because investigations may uncover information relevant to sentencing.

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Question # 14

You are the chief privacy officer of a medical research company that would like to collect and use sensitive data about cancer patients, such as their names, addresses, race and ethnic origin, medical histories, insurance claims, pharmaceutical prescriptions, eating and drinking habits and physical activity.

The company will use this sensitive data to build an Al algorithm that will spot common attributes that will help predict if seemingly healthy people are more likely to get cancer. However, the company is unable to obtain consent from enough patients to sufficiently collect the minimum data to train its model.

Which of the following solutions would most efficiently balance privacy concerns with the lack of available data during the testing phase?

A.

Deploy the current model and recalibrate it over time with more data.

B.

Extend the model to multi-modal ingestion with text and images.

C.

Utilize synthetic data to offset the lack of patient data.

D.

Refocus the algorithm to patients without cancer.

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Question # 15

CASE STUDY

Please use the following answer the next question:

A mid-size US healthcare network has decided to develop an Al solution to detect a type of cancer that is most likely arise in adults. Specifically, the healthcare network intends to create a recognition algorithm that will perform an initial review of all imaging and then route records a radiologist for secondary review pursuant agreed-upon criteria (e.g., a confidence score below a threshold).

To date, the healthcare network has taken the following steps: defined its Al ethical principles: conducted discovery to identify the intended uses and success criteria for the system: established an Al governance committee; assembled a broad, crossfunctional team with clear roles and responsibilities; and created policies and procedures to document standards, workflows, timelines and risk thresholds during the project.

The healthcare network intends to retain a cloud provider to host the solution and a consulting firm to help develop the algorithm using the healthcare network's existing data and de-identified data that is licensed from a large US clinical research partner.

Which stakeholder group is most important in selecting the specific type of algorithm?

A.

The cloud provider.

B.

The consulting firm.

C.

The healthcare network'sdata science team.

D.

The healthcare network's Al governance committee.

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Question # 16

What is the key feature of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) that makes them well-suited to running Al applications?

A.

GPUs run many tasks concurrently, resulting in faster processing.

B.

GPUs can access memory quickly, resulting in lower latency than CPUs.

C.

GPUs can run every task on a computer, making them more robust than CPUs.

D.

The number of transistors on GPUs doubles every two years, making thechips smaller and lighter.

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Question # 17

Which risk management framework/guide/standard focuses on value-based engineering methodology?

A.

ISO/IEC Guide 51 (Safety).

B.

ISO 31000 Guidelines (Risk Management).

C.

IEEE 7000-2021 Standard Model Process for Addressing Ethical Concerns during System Design.

D.

Council of Europe Human Rights, Democracy, and the Rule of Law Assurance Framework (HUDERIA) for Al Systems.

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Question # 18

What type of organizational risk is associated with Al's resource-intensive computing demands?

A.

People risk.

B.

Security risk.

C.

Third-party risk.

D.

Environmental risk.

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Question # 19

Which of the following most encourages accountability over Al systems?

A.

Determining the business objective and success criteria for the Al project.

B.

Performing due diligence on third-party Al training and testing data.

C.

Defining the roles and responsibilities of Al stakeholders.

D.

Understanding Al legal and regulatory requirements.

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Question # 20

CASE STUDY

Please use the following answer the next question:

XYZ Corp., a premier payroll services company that employs thousands of people globally, is embarking on a new hiring campaign and wants to implement policies and procedures to identify and retain the best talent. The new talent will help the company's product team expand its payroll offerings to companies in the healthcare and transportation sectors, including in Asia.

It has become time consuming and expensive for HR to review all resumes, and they are concerned that human reviewers might be susceptible to bias.

Address these concerns, the company is considering using a third-party Al tool to screen resumes and assist with hiring. They have been talking to several vendors about possibly obtaining a third-party Al-enabled hiring solution, as long as it would achieve its goals and comply with all applicable laws.

The organization has a large procurement team that is responsible for the contracting of technology solutions. One of the procurement team's goals is to reduce costs, and it often prefers lower-cost solutions. Others within the company are responsible for integrating and deploying technology solutions into the organization's operations in a responsible, cost-effective manner.

The organization is aware of the risks presented by Al hiring tools and wants to mitigate them. It also questions how best to organize and train its existing personnel to use the Al hiring tool responsibly. Their concerns are heightened by the fact that relevant laws vary across jurisdictions and continue to change.

Which of the following measures should XYZ adopt to best mitigate its risk of reputational harm from using the Al tool?

A.

Test the Al tool pre- and post-deployment.

B.

Ensure the vendor assumes responsibility for all damages.

C.

Direct the procurement team to select the most economical Al tool.

D.

Continue to require XYZ's hiring personnel to manually screen all applicants.

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Question # 21

According to the Singapore Model Al Governance Framework, all of the following are recommended measures to promote the responsible use of Al EXCEPT?

A.

Determining the level of human involvement in algorithmic decision-making.

B.

Adapting the existing governance structure algorithmic decision-making.

C.

Employing human-over-the-loop protocols for high-risk systems.

D.

Establishing communications and collaboration among stakeholders.

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Question # 22

According to the EU Al Act, providers of what kind of machine learning systems will be required to register with an EU oversight agency before placing their systems in the EU market?

A.

Al systems that are harmful based on a legal risk-utility calculation.

B.

Al systems that are "strong" general intelligence.

C.

Al systems trained on sensitive personal data.

D.

Al systems that are high-risk.

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Question # 23

A Canadian company is developing an Al solution to evaluate candidates in the course of job interviews.

Before offering the Al solution in the EU market, the company must take all of the following steps EXCEPT?

A.

Register the Al solution in a public EU database.

B.

Establish a risk and quality management system.

C.

Engage a third-party auditor to perform a bias audit.

D.

Draw up technical documentation and instructions for use.

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Question # 24

CASE STUDY

Please use the following answer the next question:

Good Values Corporation (GVC) is a U.S. educational services provider that employs teachers to create and deliver enrichment courses for high school students. GVC has learned that many of its teacher employees are using generative Al to create the enrichment courses, and that many of the students are using generative Al to complete their assignments.

In particular, GVC has learned that the teachers they employ used open source large language models (“LLM”) to develop an online tool that customizes study questions for individual students. GVC has also discovered that an art teacher has expressly incorporated the use of generative Al into the curriculum to enable students to use prompts to create digital art.

GVC has started to investigate these practices and develop a process to monitor any use of generative Al, including by teachers and students, going forward.

Which of the following risks should be of the highest concern to individual teachers using generative Al to ensure students learn the course material?

A.

Financial cost.

B.

Model accuracy.

C.

Technical complexity.

D.

Copyright infringement.

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Question # 25

A company is working to develop a self-driving car that can independently decide the appropriate route to take the driver after the driver provides an address.

If they want to make this self-driving car “strong” Al, as opposed to "weak,” the engineers would also need to ensure?

A.

Thatthe Al has full human cognitive abilities that can independently decide where to take the driver.

B.

That they have obtained appropriate intellectual property (IP) licenses to use data for training the Al.

C.

That the Al has strong cybersecurity to prevent malicious actors from taking control of the car.

D.

That the Al can differentiate among ethnic backgrounds of pedestrians.

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Question # 26

All of the following are penalties and enforcements outlined in the EU Al Act EXCEPT?

A.

Fines for SMEs and startups will be proportionally capped.

B.

Rules on General Purpose Al will apply after 6 months as a specific provision.

C.

The Al Pact will act as a transitional bridge until the Regulations are fully enacted.

D.

Fines for violations of banned Al applications will be €35 million or 7% global annual turnover (whichever is higher).

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Question # 27

CASE STUDY

Please use the following answer the next question:

ABC Corp, is a leading insurance provider offering a range of coverage options to individuals. ABC has decided to utilize artificial intelligence to streamline and improve its customer acquisition and underwriting process, including the accuracy and efficiency of pricing policies.

ABC has engaged a cloud provider to utilize and fine-tune its pre-trained, general purpose large language model (“LLM”). In particular, ABC intends to use its historical customer data—including applications, policies, and claims—and proprietary pricing and risk strategies to provide an initial qualification assessment of potential customers, which would then be routed tA. human underwriter for final review.

ABC and the cloud provider have completed training and testing the LLM, performed a readiness assessment, and made the decision to deploy the LLM into production. ABC has designated an internal compliance team to monitor the model during the first month, specifically to evaluate the accuracy, fairness, and reliability of its output. After the first month in production, ABC realizes that the LLM declines a higher percentage of women's loan applications due primarily to women historically receiving lower salaries than men.

Each of the following steps would support fairness testing by the compliance team during the first month in production EXCEPT?

A.

Validating a similar level of decision-making across different demographic groups.

B.

Providing the loan applicants with information about the model capabilities and limitations.

C.

Identifying if additional training data should be collected for specific demographic groups.

D.

Using tools to help understand factors that may account for differences in decision-making.

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Question # 28

You asked a generative Al tool to recommend new restaurants to explore in Boston, Massachusetts that have a specialty Italian dish made in a traditional fashion without spinach and wine. The generative Al tool recommended five restaurants for you to visit.

After looking up the restaurants, you discovered one restaurant did not exist and two others did not have the dish.

This information provided by the generative Al tool is an example of what is commonly called?

A.

Prompt injection.

B.

Model collapse.

C.

Hallucination.

D.

Overfitting.

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Question # 29

CASE STUDY

Please use the following answer the next question:

XYZ Corp., a premier payroll services company that employs thousands of people globally, is embarking on a new hiring campaign and wants to implement policies and procedures to identify and retain the best talent. The new talent will help the company's product team expand its payroll offerings to companies in the healthcare and transportation sectors, including in Asia.

It has become time consuming and expensive for HR to review all resumes, and they are concerned that human reviewers might be susceptible to bias.

Address these concerns, the company is considering using a third-party Al tool to screen resumes and assist with hiring. They have been talking to several vendors about possibly obtaining a third-party Al-enabled hiring solution, as long as it would achieve its goals and comply with all applicable laws.

The organization has a large procurement team that is responsible for the contracting of technology solutions. One of the procurement team's goals is to reduce costs, and it often prefers lower-cost solutions. Others within the company are responsible for integrating and deploying technology solutions into the organization's operations in a responsible, cost-effective manner.

The organization is aware of the risks presented by Al hiring tools and wants to mitigate them. It also questions how best to organize and train its existing personnel to use the Al hiring tool responsibly. Their concerns are heightened by the fact that relevant laws vary across jurisdictions and continue to change.

All of the following are potential negative consequences created by using the Al tool when making hiring decisions EXCEPT?

A.

Reputational harm.

B.

Civil rights violations.

C.

Discriminatory treatment.

D.

Intellectual property infringement.

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Question # 30

CASE STUDY

Please use the following answer the next question:

XYZ Corp., a premier payroll services company that employs thousands of people globally, is embarking on a new hiring campaign and wants to implement policies and procedures to identify and retain the best talent. The new talent will help the company's product team expand its payroll offerings to companies in the healthcare and transportation sectors, including in Asia.

It has become time consuming and expensive for HR to review all resumes, and they are concerned that human reviewers might be susceptible to bias.

Address these concerns, the company is considering using a third-party Al tool to screen resumes and assist with hiring. They have been talking to several vendors about possibly obtaining a third-party Al-enabled hiring solution, as long as it would achieve its goals and comply with all applicable laws.

The organization has a large procurement team that is responsible for the contracting of technology solutions. One of the procurement team's goals is to reduce costs, and it often prefers lower-cost solutions. Others within the company are responsible for integrating and deploying technology solutions into the organization's operations in a responsible, cost-effective manner.

The organization is aware of the risks presented by Al hiring tools and wants to mitigate them. It also questions how best to organize and train its existing personnel to use the Al hiring tool responsibly. Their concerns are heightened by the fact that relevant laws vary across jurisdictions and continue to change.

If XYZ does not deploy and use the Al hiring tool responsibly in the United States, its liability would likely increase under all of the following laws EXCEPT?

A.

Anti-discriminationlaws.

B.

Product liability laws.

C.

Accessibility laws.

D.

Privacy laws.

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