To add a product type with custom pricing, the Architect needs to do the following steps:

• Create a content of the etc/product_types.xml file that defines the new product type, its label, model, index priority, and price model. This file is used to register the new product type and its associated classes in Magento1.
• Create a new price model that extends \Magento\Catalog\Model\Product\Type\Price and implements the custom pricing logic for the new product type. The price model is responsible for calculating the final price of the product based on various factors, such as special price, tier price, catalog price rules, etc2.
• Create a custom type model that extends from the abstract Product Type model (\Magento\Catalog\Model\Product\Type\AbstractType) and overrides the methods related to the product type behavior, such as prepareForCart, getAssociatedProducts, etc. The type model defines how the product type interacts with other components, such as quote, order, cart, etc3. References:
• How to add a new product type in Magento 2? (MageStackDay mystery question 1) - Magento Stack Exchange
• Magento 2: How to create custom product types - BelVG Blog
• Magento 2: How to create custom product types - BelVG Blog

• Option A is correct because enabling the config flag under deployment/blue_green/enabled is one of the steps to ensure zero downtime during the deployment process of Magento 2 on-premises. This flag enables the blue-green deployment feature, which allows deploying a new version of the Magento application to a separate environment (blue) without affecting the current live environment (green). Once the new version is ready, the traffic can be switched from green to blue with minimal or no downtime1.
• Option C is correct because running bin/magento setup:upgrade --keep-generated is another step to ensure zero downtime during the deployment process of Magento 2 on-premises. This command updates the database schema and data without deleting the generated code and static view files. This way, the Magento application can still serve requests from the cache while the database is being upgraded2.
• Option B is incorrect because running bin/magento setup:upgrade --dry-run=true does not upgrade the database, but only checks if there are any errors or conflicts in the database schema or data. This command can be used for testing purposes, but it does not affect the deployment process or the downtime3.
• Option D is incorrect because there is no such option as --convert-old-scripts-true for the bin/magento setup:upgrade command. This option does not exist in Magento 2 and does not have any effect on the deployment process or the downtime.
• Option E is incorrect because there is no such config flag as developer/zero_down_time/enabled in Magento 2. This flag does not exist in Magento 2 and does not have any effect on the deployment process or the downtime.

References:

• 1: Blue-green deployment | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide
• 2: Deploy Magento to production | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide
• 3: Command-line installation options | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide

• Option C is correct because it configures the preload.keys correctly for Redis L2 caching on an Adobe Commerce on-premise instance. Redis L2 caching is a feature that allows storing the cache data in both Redis and the local file system. This way, the cache data can be loaded faster from the local storage, while Redis acts as a cache invalidation service. To use Redis L2 caching, the backend option for both frontend => page_cache and frontend => default must be set to Magento\Framework\Cache\Backend\RemoteSynchronizedCache1. To enable the preload feature, which reduces the number of requests to Redis, the preload.keys option must be specified with the cache keys that are loaded on each frontend request. However, unlike Redis L1 caching, the preload.keys must include the suffix :hash to indicate that only the hash values of the cache data are stored in Redis2. Therefore, the correct configuration for preload.keys is:

[ ‘762_EAV_ENTITY_TYPES:hash’, ‘762_GLOBAL_PLUGIN_LIST:hash’, ‘762_DB_IS_UP_TO_DATE:hash’, ‘762_SYSTEM_DEFAULT:hash’, ],

• Option A is incorrect because it configures the preload.keys incorrectly for Redis L2 caching. It uses the id_prefix of frontend => page_cache (063_) instead of frontend => default (762_) for the cache keys. This will cause a mismatch between the cache keys and the cache data, and result in incorrect or missing cache data. Moreover, it does not include the suffix :hash for the preload.keys, which is required for Redis L2 caching2.
• Option B is incorrect because it configures the preload.keys incorrectly for Redis L2 caching. It does not include the suffix :hash for the preload.keys, which is required for Redis L2 caching2. It also uses a wrong cache key (GLOBAL_PLUGIN_LIST) instead of GLOBAL_PLUGIN_LIST.
• Option D is incorrect because it configures the preload.keys incorrectly for Redis L2 caching. It uses a wrong id_prefix (162_) instead of frontend => default (762_) for the cache keys. This will cause a mismatch between the cache keys and the cache data, and result in incorrect or missing cache data. It also uses a wrong cache key (EAV_ENTITY_TYPES) instead of EAV_ENTITY_TYPES.

References:

• 1: Two-level caching | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide
• 2: Use Redis for default cache | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide

Developer mode is the best option for setting up a development environment for testing functionality, not performance, before being passed to the testing team. In developer mode:

• Errors are logged and hidden from the user. This ensures that the user does not see any uncaught exceptions or debugging information, but the developers can still access them from the log files.
• Cache mode can only be changed from command line. This prevents any accidental or unauthorized changes to the cache settings from the admin panel or other sources.
• Static files are created dynamically and then cached. This allows the developers to see the latest changes to the static files without having to run the static content deployment command every time. The static files are also cached for faster loading.

References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/commerce-operations/configuration-guide/setup/application-modes.html?lang=en#application-modes 1

According to the Adobe Commerce documentation, the correct approach to change the stopwords directory inside a custom module is to use dependency injection to override the default values of the stopwordsDirectory and stopwordsModule parameters of the \Magento\Elasticsearch\SearchAdapter\Query\Preprocessor\Stopwords class. The stopwordsDirectory parameter specifies the relative path of the stopwords directory from the module directory, while the stopwordsModule parameter specifies the name of the module that contains the stopwords directory. By adding these parameters to the di.xml file of the custom module, the Architect can change the location of the stopwords files without modifying the core code or database.

References:

• To change the directory from your module
• Configure Elasticsearch stopwords

• Option A is correct because enabling asynchronous indexing can improve the checkout performance by reducing the database load and avoiding locking issues. Asynchronous indexing allows the indexers to run in the background without affecting the frontend operations. The command bin/magento config:set dev/grid/async_indexing 1 can be used to enable this option in the production mode1.
• Option C is correct because creating a new database and splitting the sales tables can also improve the checkout performance by distributing the database load and avoiding contention. Splitting the database allows the checkout and order management operations to use a separate master database from the rest of the Magento application tables. The command bin/magento setup:db-schema:split-sales --host="" --dbname="" --username="" --password="" can be used to configure this feature2.
• Option B is incorrect because enabling asynchronous email notifications does not affect the checkout performance directly. Asynchronous email notifications allow the order confirmation emails to be sent in batches by a cron job instead of immediately after placing an order. This option can reduce the server load and improve the customer experience, but it does not impact the checkout process itself3.
• Option D is incorrect because there is no such deploy mode as siege in Magento 2. The available deploy modes are default, developer, and production. Changing the deploy mode can affect the performance, caching, and error handling of the Magento application, but it does not directly affect the checkout performance4.
• Option E is incorrect because there is no such admin panel setting as multithreaded checkout processing in Magento 2. The number of PHP threads used for checkout is determined by the web server configuration and the PHP-FPM settings, not by the Magento application settings. Increasing the number of PHP threads may improve thecheckout performance, but it also requires more server resources and may cause other issues5.

References:

• 1: Asynchronous indexing | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide
• 2: Split database performance solution | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide
• 3: Sales Emails | Adobe Commerce User Guide
• 4: Set up Magento modes | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide
• 5: PHP-FPM configuration settings | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide

• Option A is correct because updating the session host value to a shared Redis instance in the “app/etc/env.php” file will allow the session to be saved properly and prevent users from being redirected to the sign-in page after logging in. Redis is a fast and reliable in-memory data store that can be used for session storage in Magento 2. By using a shared Redis instance, the session data can be accessed by any of the backend web servers behind the load balancer, regardless of which server handled the initial request. This ensures that the user’s session is maintained and consistent across different servers1.
• Option B is incorrect because increasing the session size with the command config:set system/security/max_session_size_admin will not solve the issue of session not being saved properly. This command only affects the admin session size limit, not the customer session size limit. Moreover, this command does not address the root causeof the issue, which is that the session data is not shared among the backend web servers2.
• Option C is incorrect because utilizing the Remote Storage module to synchronize sessions between the servers is not a viable solution for this issue. The Remote Storage module is a feature of Magento Commerce Cloud that allows storing media files and other static content on a remote storage service such as AWS S3 or Azure Blob Storage. This module does not support synchronizing sessions between servers, as sessions are dynamic and transient data that need to be stored in a fast and accessible data store such as Redis3.

References:

• 1: Use Redis for session storage | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide
• 2: Security | Adobe Commerce User Guide
• 3: Remote storage | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide

According to the Adobe Commerce documentation, OAuth-based authentication is the recommended method for integrations that need access to system resources, such as orders, customers, products, etc. OAuth-based authentication allows the merchant to control the access level and scope of the integration, as well as to revoke the access at any time using the admin panel. OAuth-based authentication also requires an OAuth handshake between the integration and the Adobe Commerce system during activation, which ensures a secure exchange of tokens and keys. The third-party system should follow the OAuth protocol to obtain and refresh the access token, which will be used as the Bearer Token to authorize the REST API calls.

References:

• Authentication | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide
• OAuth-based authentication | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide

• Option C is correct because adjusting the ruleset.xml file with the new rule is the simplest and most effective way to implement the new code rule. The ruleset.xml file defines the coding standards that are applied by PHP_CodeSniffer. By extending the Magento 2 Coding Standard and adding a new rule, the Architect can customize the code analysis and enforce the company coding standards. The new rule can use the Magento2.Namespaces.ForbiddenNamespaces sniff to check for any usage of Helper classes in the code and report them as errors or warnings1.
• Option A is incorrect because creating a new composer package under the AwesomeAgency\CodingStandard\ namespace is not enough to implement the new code rule. The composer package is just a way to distribute and install the coding standard, but it does not define the rules themselves. The Architect still needs to create a ruleset.xml file and register it with PHP_CodeSniffer2.
• Option B is incorrect because creating a new class \AwesomeAgency\CodingStandard\Ruleset\ForbiddenNamespaces and specifying the rule inside the process method is unnecessary and complicated. The Architect does not need to create a new class or a new sniff for this rule, as there is already an existing sniff in the Magento 2 Coding Standard that can be used for this purpose. The Magento2.Namespaces.ForbiddenNamespaces sniff can be configured with an include-pattern element to specify which namespaces are forbidden1.

References:

• 1: Magento 2 Coding Standards | Adobe Commerce Developer Guide
• 2: How to create a custom coding standard | PHP_CodeSniffer Documentation

The product price index can be optimized by using parallel mode and customer group merging. Parallel mode allows the indexer to run multiple threads simultaneously, which can speed up the indexing process. Customer group merging reduces the number of rows in the price index table by merging customer groups that have the same product prices. This can improve the performance of the price index queries and reduce the index size. References: Indexing optimization, Price index customer group merging

The issue here is that the database storage is not being fully cleaned after the test is run. The solution is to modify the method PHPDoc and change the annotation @magentoDbIsolation to enabled. This will ensure that the database storage is fully cleaned after the test is run. References: https://developer.adobe.com/commerce/testing/guide/integration/#database-isolation 1

The issue here is that the sales totals in Sales Orders report show £0.00 for the new UK website. This is because the currency rates for GBP and USD are not configured, so the system cannot convert the order amounts from GBP to USD. The solution is to configure the currency rates for GBP and USD, so they are not empty. This will allow the system to calculate the sales totals in USD for the report. References: https://experienceleague.adobe.com/docs/commerce-admin/stores-sales/site-store/currency/currency-update.html?lang=en 1