Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Dumps With Exact Questions and Answers

In the Waterfall approach to software development, the phase that defines and specifies how to build a program is the Design phase. This phase follows the initial Analysis phase, where the requirements are gathered, and precedes the Implementation phase, where the actual coding takes place. During the Design phase, the software’s architecture, components, interfaces, and data are methodically planned out. This phase translates the requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software, ensuring that the final product will meet the specified needs.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

In Agile, the design phase focuses on creating technical specifications and plans for implementing the software, including identifying functions, classes, or modules. According to foundational programming principles, this phase bridges requirements (from analysis) to coding (in implementation).

Option A: "Determining the functions that need to be written." This is correct. During the design phase, the team specifies the functions, methods, or components (e.g., function signatures, class methods) required to meet the requirements. For example, designing a calculateTotal() function for an e-commerce system occurs here.

Option B: "Determining the goals of the project." This is incorrect. Project goals are established during the analysis phase, where requirements and user stories are defined.

Option C: "Writing the required objects." This is incorrect. Writing code (e.g., implementing classes or objects) occurs during the implementation phase, not design.

Option D: "Deciding on the name of the program." This is incorrect. Naming the program is a minor decision, typically made earlier (e.g., during project initiation or analysis), and is not a primary focus of the design phase.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Agile Design Phase).

Agile Alliance: “Agile Design” (https://www.agilealliance.org/glossary/design/).

Fowler, M., Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code (design principles in Agile).

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A compiled programming language is one where the source code is translated into machine code (or an intermediate form) by a compiler before execution. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), this process results in an executable file that can run independently of the compiler.

Option A: "The program usually runs slower than an interpreted language." This is incorrect. Compiled languages (e.g., C, C++) typically produce machine code that runs faster than interpreted languages (e.g., Python), as the translation to machine code is done beforehand, avoiding runtime interpretation overhead.

Option B: "The code runs directly one statement at a time by another program called a compiler." This is incorrect. A compiler translates the entire program into machine code before execution, not one statement at a time. Running code one statement at a time is characteristic of an interpreter, not a compiler.

Option C: "The code must be compiled into machine code in the form of an executable file before execution." This is correct. In compiled languages like C or Java (which compiles to bytecode), the source code is translated into machine code or an intermediate form (e.g., .exe or .class files) that can be executed directly by the machine or a virtual machine.

Option D: "The code does not require being translated into machine code but can be run by a separate program called a compiler." This is incorrect. A compiler’s role is to translate code into machine code. Running code without translation describes an interpreted language, and the term “compiler” is misused here.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Compiled vs. Interpreted Languages).

C Programming Language Standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011).

W3Schools: “C Introduction” (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_intro.php).