CSC1 Dumps With Exact Questions and Answers

Warrants are securities issued by a company to existing shareholders, giving them the right to purchase additional shares at a predetermined price, often over a longer period (years). Warrants are typically used as an incentive or as part of financing arrangements.

This differs from rights, which are similar but usually have a shorter exercise period, often weeks.

Study Document References:

Volume 1, Chapter 8:Warrants and Rights, discussing their features and purposes​​.

Aninterest rate forward agreement (FRA)is anover-the-counter (OTC)derivative contract. Unlike exchange-traded derivatives, OTC contracts are not centrally cleared, meaning there is no intermediary to guarantee performance. This increases counterparty (default) risk, making FRAs inherently riskier than exchange-traded contracts.

A. Individual investor buying shares on an exchange during the ex-rights period: This is a standard transaction involving equity securities, not derivatives, and carries no default risk.

C. Exchange-traded equity option contract between an individual investor and a dealer: Exchange-traded derivatives are backed by a clearinghouse, which mitigates default risk.

D. Individual investor entering a futures contract with an institutional investor: Futures contracts are also exchange-traded and centrally cleared, reducing default risk.

Sinking fundsrequire the issuer to redeem a specified portion of the bond issue at regular intervals. This ensures systematic debt reduction and is mandated regardless of market conditions.

Purchase funds, however, allow the issuer to buy back bonds only if they are available in the market at or below a stipulated price, making redemption conditional on market conditions.

B. Sinking funds can redeem bonds only if they trade below a stipulated price: This applies to purchase funds, not sinking funds.

C. Sinking funds involve the issuer determining when bonds are redeemed while purchase funds involve the investor determining when the bonds are redeemed: Investors have no role in determining bond redemption under either method.

D. Sinking funds can redeem the bonds any time while purchase funds follow a prearranged schedule: Sinking funds follow a schedule, and purchase funds rely on market conditions.