Market Risk

Credit Risk

Operational and Regulatory Compliance Risk

All of the Above

Proprietary and agency trading were combined and therefore did not increase risk.

Proprietary and agency trading were separate and therefore did not increase risk.

Proprietary and agency trading were combined and therefore did increase risk.

Proprietary and agency trading were separate and did increase risk.

The Office of Thrift Supervision

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

The Federal Reserve Bank

None of the above

Fortress Re and other insurers

The Fortress Re reinsurers only

The fronting insurance companies

Fortress Re and their reinsurers

Define the organization's definition of risk management as articulated by the Board in clear and uncertain terms

Include financial risk management, compliance and external reporting and, to the extent that resources allow, should exclude legal or accounting

Be independently staffed and report to an employee who is on the Executive Committee (Operating Committee) but who is NOT a business unit leader

Review continually the application of the Principles of Good Governance to the Risk Management Infrastructure, financial accounting and reporting infrastructure and the organization as a whole

Both relied on a star manger, supposedly in a low risk business.

Both losses grew over time, but were not discovered by management until too late.

Both traded in illiquid and obscure markets that were easy to manipulate.

Both losses were eventually exposed by massive margin calls.

fully aware of the uninsured risks Fortress Re were taking

absolutely unaware of their uninsured liabilities

aware that they had some uninsured liabilities but thought they had enough capital to withstand any uninsured losses

None of the above

knowledge, skills, expertise

experience, skills, previous successes

risk appetite, knowledge, expertise

track record, expertise, skills

Backwardation

Contango

Reverse backwardation

Conchacha

Having the back office and front office operations under the same person

Difference in the contract sizes in the OSE and SIMEX

The different time zones that the office was trading in

Leeson was executing an arbitrage strategy even though he was not authorized to do so

A covert money market support operation designed to cover up the difficulties Northern Rock was facing

The Bank of England's role as Lender-Of-Last-resort was activated at a penalty interest rate of 150 basis points above the Bank Rate

The UK government offered to guarantee all existing and new retail deposits, and to most other creditors

The Bank of England provided an additional unlimited facility secured on the collateral of all Northern Rock assets

Failed corporate governance

Accounting abuses

Unfair pricing to customers

Over stating actual sales

Market Risk

Credit Risk

Operational Risk

Both B and C